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首页 > 资讯 > 后端开发 > Python >SpringBoot整合Security实现权限控制框架(案例详解)
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SpringBoot整合Security实现权限控制框架(案例详解)

2024-04-02 19:04:59 156人浏览 薄情痞子

Python 官方文档：入门教程 => 点击学习

摘要

目录一、前言二、环境准备2.1、数据库表2.2、导入依赖2.3、配置文件2.4、WEBSecurityConfig Security的主要配置类：2.5、Security身份验证2.

我想每个写项目的人，都肯定会遇到控制权限这个问题.
例如这个这个链接只能管理员访问，那个链接丫只能超级管理员访问等等，实现方式也有多种多样，控制的粒度也不一样。
以前刚学的时候，不会框架，大都是手写注解+过滤器来进行权限的控制，但这样增加了过滤器的负担。用起来也会稍微有些麻烦，粒度不太好控制。

用框架的话，就是封装了更多的操作，让一切更简单吧。当然不局限于Security，还有像shiro安全框架，这两种非常常见。
一起加油吧！！！
先看个图舒缓一下，准备开始吧

在这里插入图片描述

下面就开始吧！！！👇

一、前言

介绍：

spring Security是一个能够为基于Spring的企业应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制解决方案的安全框架。它提供了一组可以在Spring应用上下文中配置的Bean，充分利用了Spring ioc，DI（控制反转Inversion of Control ,DI:Dependency Injection 依赖注入）和aop（面向切面编程）功能，为应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制功能，减少了为企业系统安全控制编写大量重复代码的工作。

官网：

SpringSecurity 最新

SpringSecurity 5.0.6版本

优缺点：

优点

  • Spring Boot 官方提供了大量的非常方便的开箱即用的 Starter ，包括 Spring Security 的 Starter ，使得在 Spring Boot 中使用 Spring Security 变得更加容易。
  • Spring Security功能强大，比较好用。

缺点

  1. Spring Security 是一个重量级的安全管理框架，
  2. Spring Security概念复杂，配置繁琐（这个确实，没法逃开）

案例

我们在访问一个网站时，大都都会设置普通用户能有的权限，然后管理员有的权限，再就是超级管理员等等，这次就是实现这样一个案例。

项目结构：

在这里插入图片描述

二、环境准备

2.1、数据库表


CREATE TABLE `account`  (
  `id` int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `username` varchar(25) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL,
  `passWord` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL,
  `role` varchar(25) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 5 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

INSERT INTO `account` VALUES (1, 'user', '$2a$10$1MHNdZS.oCICxLRVbnNBZe4CRn9Rk1MVQhaSSMhHr0G4BCNQjPpna', 'ROLE_USER');
INSERT INTO `account` VALUES (2, 'admin', '$2a$10$dKkrkgVzaCPX74TvxOjwNuFJjIRJeAuDPKFntwNwRvRHkwIAHV5Q6', 'ROLE_ADMIN');
INSERT INTO `account` VALUES (3, 'super_admin', '$2a$10$CqOXnSp6oks9UTvsops4U.0vMGbUE2Bp28xKaPmlug4W8Mk59Sj8y', 'ROLE_SUPER_ADMIN');
INSERT INTO `account` VALUES (4, 'test', '$2a$10$SQsuH1XfxHdsVmf2nE75wOAE6GHm1nd/xDp/08KYJmtbzJt2J6xIG', 'TEST');

2.2、导入依赖


<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.5.2</version>
    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>   
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>Mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>3.4.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.JSONwebtoken</groupId>
        <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
        <version>0.9.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <!--java版本太高  向下兼容的包-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.xml.bind</groupId>
        <artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.0</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

2.3、配置文件


# 应用名称
spring.application.name=demo
# 应用服务 WEB 访问端口
server.port=8080

spring.datasource.name=defaultDataSource
# 数据库连接地址
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/security?serverTimezone=UTC
# 数据库用户名&密码：
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=123456

mybatis-plus.mapper-locations=classpath:mapper*.xml

logging.level.com.crush.security.mapper=DEBUG

# token 存活时间
token.expire=3600000
token.key=123456

2.4、WebSecurityConfig Security的主要配置类：


import com.crush.security.auth.filter.JwtAuthenticationFilter;
import com.crush.security.auth.filter.JwtAuthorizationFilter;
import com.crush.security.auth.handle.MacLoginUrlAuthenticationEntryPoint;
import com.crush.security.auth.handle.MyAccessDeniedHandler;
import com.crush.security.auth.handle.MyLogoutSuccessHandler;
import com.crush.security.auth.service.UserDetailServiceImpl;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableGlobalMethodSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.httpsecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.WebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.config.Http.SessionCreationPolicy;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;



@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
//启用全局配置
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    
    private final String[] PATH_RELEASE = {
            "/login",
            "/all"
    };
    
    @Autowired
    private UserDetailServiceImpl userDetailService;

    @Autowired
    private MacLoginUrlAuthenticationEntryPoint macLoginUrlAuthenticationEntryPoint;

    @Autowired
    private MyAccessDeniedHandler myAccessDeniedHandler;

    @Autowired
    private MyLogoutSuccessHandler myLogoutSuccessHandler;

    
      @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.cors().and().csrf().disable();
        http.authorizeRequests()
                
                .antMatchers(PATH_RELEASE).permitAll()
                
                .anyRequest()

                
                .authenticated()

                
                .and().formLogin().permitAll()

                
                .and().exceptionHandling()

                
                .authenticationEntryPoint(macLoginUrlAuthenticationEntryPoint)

                
                .accessDeniedHandler(myAccessDeniedHandler)

                
                .and().logout().logoutSuccessHandler(myLogoutSuccessHandler)

                
                .and().addFilter(new JwtAuthenticationFilter(authenticationManager()))
                
                .addFilter(new JwtAuthorizationFilter(authenticationManager()))
                
                .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS);
    }

    @Override
    public void configure(WebSecurity web) throws Exception {
        super.configure(web);
    }

    
    @Override
    protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        auth.userDetailsService(userDetailService).passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());
    }

    
    @Bean
    PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }
}

2.5、Security身份验证


import com.crush.security.entity.MyUser;
import com.crush.security.utils.JwtTokenUtils;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter;

import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;


public class JwtAuthenticationFilter extends UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter {

    private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;

    public JwtAuthenticationFilter(AuthenticationManager authenticationManager) {
        this.authenticationManager = authenticationManager;
    }

    
    @Override
    public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request,
                                                HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException {
        //输入流中获取到登录的信息
        try {
            MyUser loginUser = new ObjectMapper().readValue(request.getInputStream(), MyUser.class);
            logger.info("loginUser===>" + loginUser);
            
            return authenticationManager.authenticate(
                    new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(loginUser.getUsername(), loginUser.getPassword(), new ArrayList<>())
            );
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }

    
    @Override
    protected void successfulAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request,
                                            HttpServletResponse response,
                                            FilterChain chain,
                                            Authentication authResult) throws IOException, ServletException {
        // 查看源代码会发现调用getPrincipal()方法会返回一个实现了`UserDetails`接口的对象
        // 所以就是JwtUser啦
        MyUser user = (MyUser) authResult.getPrincipal();
        String role = "";
        // 因为在JwtUser中存了权限信息，可以直接获取，由于只有一个角色就这么干了
        Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities = user.getAuthorities();
        for (GrantedAuthority authority : authorities) {
            role = authority.getAuthority();
        }
        // 根据用户名，角色创建token并返回json信息
        String token = JwtTokenUtils.createToken(user.getUsername(), role, false);
        user.setPassword(null);
        user.setToken(JwtTokenUtils.TOKEN_PREFIX + token);
        response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK);
        response.setHeader("token", JwtTokenUtils.TOKEN_PREFIX + token);
        response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
        writer.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(user));
    }

    
    @Override
    protected void unsuccessfulAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException failed) throws IOException, ServletException {
        response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);
        response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
        writer.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString( "登录失败，账号或密码错误"));
    }
}

2.6、Security授权


import com.crush.security.utils.JwtTokenUtils;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.www.BasicAuthenticationFilter;

import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Collections;


public class JwtAuthorizationFilter extends BasicAuthenticationFilter {

    public JwtAuthorizationFilter(AuthenticationManager authenticationManager) {
        super(authenticationManager);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
                                    HttpServletResponse response,
                                    FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {

        String tokenHeader = request.getHeader(JwtTokenUtils.TOKEN_HEADER);
        // 如果请求头中没有Authorization信息则直接放行了
        if (tokenHeader == null || !tokenHeader.startsWith(JwtTokenUtils.TOKEN_PREFIX)) {
            chain.doFilter(request, response);
            return;
        }
        // 如果请求头中有token，则进行解析，并且设置认证信息
        SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(getAuthentication(tokenHeader));
        super.doFilterInternal(request, response, chain);
    }

    
    private UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken getAuthentication(String tokenHeader) {
        String token = tokenHeader.replace(JwtTokenUtils.TOKEN_PREFIX, "");
        String username = JwtTokenUtils.getUsername(token.trim());
        String role = JwtTokenUtils.getUserRole(token);
        if (username != null) {
            return new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(username, null,
                    Collections.singleton(new SimpleGrantedAuthority(role))
            );
        }
        return null;
    }
}

2.7、UserDetailsService

UserDetailServiceImpl 实现了UserDetailsService,用来加载用户特定数据的核心接口。


import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper;
import com.crush.security.entity.MyUser;
import com.crush.security.service.IMyUserService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Slf4j
@Service
public class UserDetailServiceImpl implements UserDetailsService {

    final
    IMyUserService userService;

    public UserDetailServiceImpl(IMyUserService userService) {
        this.userService = userService;
    }

    @Override
    public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
        MyUser user = userService.getOne(new QueryWrapper<MyUser>().eq("username", username));
        return user;
    }
}

2.7、MacLoginUrlAuthenticationEntryPoint



@Component
public class MacLoginUrlAuthenticationEntryPoint implements AuthenticationEntryPoint {
    @Override
    public void commence(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, AuthenticationException e) throws IOException, ServletException {
        httpServletResponse.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);
        httpServletResponse.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter writer = httpServletResponse.getWriter();
        writer.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString("未登录！"));
    }
}

2.8、MyAccessDeniedHandler



@Component
public class MyAccessDeniedHandler implements AccessDeniedHandler {

    @Override
    public void handle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, AccessDeniedException e) throws IOException, ServletException {
        httpServletResponse.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
        httpServletResponse.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);
        PrintWriter writer = httpServletResponse.getWriter();
        writer.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString("不好意思，你的权限不足！"));
    }
}

2.9、MyLogoutSuccessHandler



@Component
public class MyLogoutSuccessHandler implements LogoutSuccessHandler {
    @Override
    public void onLogoutSuccess(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Authentication authentication) throws IOException, ServletException {
        httpServletResponse.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK);
        httpServletResponse.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter writer = httpServletResponse.getWriter();
        writer.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString( "退出成功"));
    }
}

2.10、JWT的工具类

生成token


package com.crush.security.utils;

import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.ExpiredJwtException;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;

public class JwtTokenUtils {

    public static final String TOKEN_HEADER = "Authorization";
    public static final String TOKEN_PREFIX = "Bearer ";

    private static final String SECRET = "jwtsecretdemo";
    private static final String ISS = "echisan";

    
    private static final long EXPIRATION = 3600L;

    
    private static final long EXPIRATION_REMEMBER = 604800L;

    // 添加角色的key
    private static final String ROLE_CLAIMS = "rol";

    
    public static String createToken(String username, String role, boolean isRememberMe) {
        String token = null;
        try {
            long expiration = isRememberMe ? EXPIRATION_REMEMBER : EXPIRATION;
            HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
            map.put(ROLE_CLAIMS, role);
            token = Jwts.builder()
                    .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, SECRET)
                    // 这里要早set一点，放到后面会覆盖别的字段
                    .setClaims(map)
                    .setIssuer(ISS)
                    .setSubject(username)
                    .setIssuedAt(new Date())
                    .setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + expiration * 1000))
                    .compact();
        } catch (ExpiredJwtException e) {
            e.getClaims();
        }
        return token;
    }


    
    public static String getUsername(String token) {
        return getTokenBody(token).getSubject();
    }

    
    public static String getUserRole(String token) {
        return (String) getTokenBody(token).get(ROLE_CLAIMS);
    }

    
    public static boolean isExpiration(String token) {
        return getTokenBody(token).getExpiration().before(new Date());
    }

    private static Claims getTokenBody(String token) {
        return Jwts.parser()
                .setSigningKey(SECRET)
                .parseClaimsJws(token)
                .getBody();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BCryptPasswordEncoder encoder = new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
        String user = encoder.encode("test");
        System.out.println(user);
    }
}

弄完上面这些，相关配置就都搞定了，剩下就是最简单的编码啦。

三、代码 entity


@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false)
@TableName("account")
public class MyUser implements Serializable, UserDetails {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private int id;

    private String username;

    private String password;

    // 1:启用 ， 0：禁用
    @TableField(exist = false)
    private Integer enabled = 1;

    // 1：锁住 ， 0：未锁
    @TableField(exist = false)
    private Integer locked = 0;

    private String role;

    @TableField(exist = false)
    private String token;

    //授权
    @Override
    public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {
        List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> authorities = new ArrayList<>();
        SimpleGrantedAuthority authority = new SimpleGrantedAuthority(role);
        authorities.add(authority);
        return authorities;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isAccountNonExpired() { return true; }

    @Override
    public boolean isAccountNonLocked() { return locked == 0; }

    @Override
    public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() {  return true;  }

    @Override
    public boolean isEnabled() { return enabled == 1; }
}

mapper


import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper;
import com.crush.security.entity.MyUser;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public interface MyUserMapper extends BaseMapper<MyUser> {}

service、impl


import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.IService;
import com.crush.security.entity.MyUser;

public interface IMyUserService extends IService<MyUser> {
    
}

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;
import com.crush.security.entity.MyUser;
import com.crush.security.mapper.MyUserMapper;
import com.crush.security.service.IMyUserService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class MyUserServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<MyUserMapper, MyUser> implements IMyUserService {
}

controller


package com.crush.security.controller;


import org.springframework.security.access.prepost.PreAuthorize;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping("/all")
    String all() {
        return "在WebSecurityConfig中配置了放行，任何人都可以进行访问";
    }

    @PreAuthorize("permitAll()")
    @RequestMapping("/test")
    String test() {
        return "所有登录的人都可以访问";
    }

    @PreAuthorize("hasRole('USER')")
    @RequestMapping("/user/userList")
    String userList() {
        return "role: user";
    }

    @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")
    @RequestMapping("/admin/updateUser")
    String updateUser() {
        return "role: admin";
    }

    @PreAuthorize("hasRole('SUPER_ADMIN')")
    @RequestMapping("/admin/superAdmin")
    String superAdmin() {
        return "role: superAdmin";
    }

    @PreAuthorize("hasAnyRole('ADMIN','USER')")
    @RequestMapping("/userAndAdmin")
    String userAndAdminTest() {
        return "role: admin and user";
    }

    @PreAuthorize("hasAnyRole('ADMIN')or hasAnyRole('SUPER_ADMIN')")
    @RequestMapping("/AdminAndSuperAdminTest")
    String AdminAndSuperAdminTest() {
        return "role: admin and super_admin";
    }

    // hasAnyAuthority() 也是可以多个字符串 权限验证，可以不跟ROLE_前缀
    @PreAuthorize("hasAuthority('TEST') ")
    @RequestMapping("/ceshi2")
    String ceshi2() {
        return "hasAuthority：权限验证，不过查的也是role那个字段，不过不用拼接上ROLE而已";
    }
}

四、测试

注:我使用的测试工具是Postman,另外login接口接收的数据是需要JSON类型的。

1）登录

注意这里的token，我们是需要把他记住，下次去请求要携带上。

在这里插入图片描述

2）测试管理员

在这里插入图片描述

3）测试hasAnyAuthority （）注解

hasAnyAuthority() 也是可以多个字符串 权限验证，可以不跟ROLE_前缀

在这里插入图片描述

在这里插入图片描述

五、总结

Security框架和SpringBoot集成，其实上手特别快，但是如果要想研究的比较深刻的话，我觉得是比较困难的，上文讲过，security是属于一个重量级的框架，里面很多东西特别多。使用方面肯定是没有任何问题的。

到此这篇关于SpringBoot整合Security安全框架、控制权限的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关SpringBoot整合Security权限控制框架内容请搜索编程网以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持编程网！

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本文标题: SpringBoot整合Security实现权限控制框架(案例详解)

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