Sql Server数据库常用Transact-SQL脚本

数据库

创建数据库

USE master ;  
Go  
CREATE DATABASE Sales  
ON   
( NAME = Sales_dat,  
    FILENAME = "C:Program FilesMicrosoft SQL ServerMSsql13.MSSQLSERVERMSSQLDATAsaledat.mdf",  
    SIZE = 10,  
    MAXSIZE = 50,  
    FILEGROWTH = 5 )  
LOG ON  
( NAME = Sales_log,  
    FILENAME = "C:Program FilesMicrosoft SQL ServerMSSQL13.MSSQLSERVERMSSQLDATAsalelog.ldf",  
    SIZE = 5MB,  
    MAXSIZE = 25MB,  
    FILEGROWTH = 5MB ) ;  
GO 

查看数据库

SELECT name, database_id, create_date  
FROM sys.databases ;  

删除数据库

DROP DATABASE Sales;

表

创建表

CREATE TABLE PurchaseOrderDetail  
(  
    ID uniqueidentifier NOT NULL  
    ,LineNumber smallint NOT NULL  
    ,ProductID int NULL  
    ,UnitPrice money NULL  
    ,OrderQty smallint NULL  
    ,ReceivedQty float NULL  
    ,RejectedQty float NULL  
    ,DueDate datetime NULL  
);  

删除表

DROP TABLE dbo.PurchaseOrderDetail;  

重命名表

EXEC sp_rename "Sales.SalesTerritory", "SalesTerr";  

列

添加列

ALTER TABLE dbo.doc_exa ADD column_b VARCHAR(20) NULL, column_c INT NULL ;

删除列

ALTER TABLE dbo.doc_exb DROP COLUMN column_b;

重命名列

EXEC sp_rename "Sales.SalesTerritory.TerritoryID", "TerrID", "COLUMN";

约束

主键

--在现有表中创建主键
ALTER TABLE Production.TransactionHistoryArcHive
   ADD CONSTRAINT PK_TransactionHistoryArchive_TransactionID PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (TransactionID);

--在新表中创建主键
CREATE TABLE Production.TransactionHistoryArchive1
   (
      TransactionID int IDENTITY (1,1) NOT NULL
      , CONSTRAINT PK_TransactionHistoryArchive_TransactionID PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (TransactionID)
   )
;


--查看主键  
SELECT name  
FROM sys.key_constraints  
WHERE type = "PK" AND OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) = N"TransactionHistoryArchive";  
GO  

--删除主键
ALTER TABLE Production.TransactionHistoryArchive  
DROP CONSTRAINT PK_TransactionHistoryArchive_TransactionID;   
GO  

视图

 1、创建视图

CREATE VIEW V_EmployeeHireDate  
AS  
SELECT p.FirstName, p.LastName, e.HireDate  
FROM HumanResources.Employee AS e JOIN Person.Person AS  p  
ON e.BusinessEntityID = p.BusinessEntityID ;   
GO  

删除视图

DROP VIEW V_EmployeeHireDate;  

存储过程

创建存储过程

CREATE PROCEDURE P_UspGetEmployeesTest   
    @LastName nvarchar(50),   
    @FirstName nvarchar(50)   
AS   
    SELECT FirstName, LastName, Department  
    FROM HumanResources.vEmployeeDepartmentHistory  
    WHERE FirstName = @FirstName AND LastName = @LastName  
    AND EndDate IS NULL;  
GO  

删除存储过程

DROP PROCEDURE P_UspGetEmployeesTest; 

执行存储过程

EXEC P_UspGetEmployeesTest N"Ackerman", N"Pilar";  
-- Or  
EXEC P_UspGetEmployeesTest @LastName = N"Ackerman", @FirstName = N"Pilar";  
GO  
-- Or  
EXECUTE P_UspGetEmployeesTest @FirstName = N"Pilar", @LastName = N"Ackerman";  
GO  

重命名存储过程

EXEC sp_rename "P_UspGetAllEmployeesTest", "P_UspEveryEmployeeTest2"; 

带有输出参数的存储过程

CREATE PROCEDURE P_UspGetEmployeeSalesYTD  
@SalesPerson nvarchar(50),  
@SalesYTD money OUTPUT  
AS    
    SELECT @SalesYTD = SalesYTD  
    FROM SalesPerson AS sp  
    JOIN vEmployee AS e ON e.BusinessEntityID = sp.BusinessEntityID  
    WHERE LastName = @SalesPerson;  
RETURN  
GO


--调用
DECLARE @SalesYTDBySalesPerson money;  
EXECUTE P_UspGetEmployeeSalesYTD  
    N"Blythe", 
    @SalesYTD = @SalesYTDBySalesPerson OUTPUT; 
GO  

数据类型