C++如何实现学生信息管理系统

本篇内容主要讲解“c++如何实现学生信息管理系统”，感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷，实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习“C++如何实现学生信息管理系统”吧!

实现功能

上面的功能基本完全实现

目前的程序其实还存在两个问题：

无法从文件中读取信息，我感觉是格式问题，输出的格式需要改，但是这样的话，保存在文件的信息看起来就不是很方便了
2、保存新同学的学号与当前记录的学号相同时不会提醒，这个实现起来比较容易，在保存的时候，再加一个链表查询就可以了，是我太懒了。

源码附上

#include <cstdlib>#include <iOStream>#include <string>#include<windows.h>#include<coNIO.h>#include <fstream>using namespace std;#define null NULLclass student{    private:        int flag;        friend class studentMessage;        student *next; //节点指针        string name; //学生姓名        string address;  //家庭住址        int age; //年龄        int id; //学号        string sex;        char grade;                  班级        //  A    代表大学生        //  B    代表中学生        //  C    代表小学生        double chinese , math , english;  //语文 ， 数学 ， 英语        double history , geography ;     //历史  ， 地理        string major; long long int TL;     //  专业  ，  电话    public:        static int num_total;  //总数        static int num_sex;        static int num_age;        //小学生初始化        student(int _id,string _name,string _sex,int _age,char _grade,double _chinese,double _math,double _english)        {            name = _name;            grade = _grade;            age  = _age;            sex = _sex;            id = _id;            chinese = _chinese;            math    =  _math;            english = _english;            next = NULL;        }        //初中生初始化        student(int _id,string _name,string _sex,int _age,char _grade,double _geography,double _history,string _address)        {            name = _name;            grade = _grade;            age  = _age;            sex = _sex;            id = _id;            geography = _geography;            history   = _history;            address    = _address;            next = NULL;        }        //大学生初始化        student(int _id,string _name,string _sex,int _age,char _grade,string _major,string _address,long long int _TL)        {            name = _name;            grade = _grade;            age  = _age;            sex = _sex;            id = _id;            major  = _major;            address = _address;            TL     = _TL;            next = NULL;        }        //构造函数        student() //为studentMessage初始化头结点用        {            name = "null";            sex = "null";            address = "null";            age = 0;            id = 0;            chinese = 0;            math = 0;            english = 0;            grade = '0';            geography = 0;            history = 0;            major = "null";            TL = 0;            next = NULL;        }        ~student(){}        void swap(student*);};int student::num_total = 0; 初始化int student::num_sex = 0;int student::num_age = 0;void student::swap(student *q){    string _name,_sex,_address;    int _age,_id;     char grade;                  班级        //  A    代表大学生        //  B    代表中学生        //  C    代表小学生    double _chinese , _math , _english;  //语文 ， 数学 ， 英语    double _history , _geography ;     //历史  ， 地理    string _major; long long int _TL;     //  专业  ，  电话    _chinese   = chinese;    chinese    = q->chinese;    q->chinese = _chinese;    _math   =  math;    math    =  q->math;    q->math =  _math;    _english   =  english;    english    =  q->english;    q->english =  _english;    _history   = history;    history    = q->history;    q->history = _history;    _geography   =  geography;    geography    =  q->geography;    q->geography =  _geography;    _major   =  major;    major    = q->major;    q->major =  _major;    _TL   = TL;    TL    = q->TL;    q->TL = _TL;    _name   = name;    name    = q->name;    q->name = _name;    _sex   = sex;    sex    = q->sex;    q->sex = _sex;    _address   = address;    address    = q->address;    q->address = _address;    _age   = age;    age    = q->age;    q->age = _age;    _id   = id;    id    = q->id;    q->id = _id;}class studentMessage{    private:      student *first; //头指针      int num; //信息中的学生人数    public:        studentMessage()        {            num = 0; //初始化学生人数为0            first = new student;  //初始化头结点        }        ~studentMessage(){delete first;}                void Insret(void); //插入        void Display(void); //显示        void Delete(void); //删除        void Search(void); //搜索        void Change(void); //改动        void SearchByid(void); //按照学号查找        void SearchByname(void); //按照姓名查找        int menu(void); //初始的菜单        void clear(void); //清空列表        void tongji(void);  //统计学生人数        void save(void);        void read(void);};int studentMessage::menu(void){    system("cls");    int ch;    cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;    cout<<"**********************************************************************"<<endl;    cout<<"======================================================================"<<endl;    cout<<"***************************学生信息管理系统***************************"<<endl;cout<<endl;    cout<<endl;    cout<<"                            1.添加功能"<<endl;    cout<<"                            2.查询功能"<<endl;    cout<<"                            3.显示功能"<<endl;    cout<<"                            4.编辑功能"<<endl;    cout<<"                            5.删除功能"<<endl;    cout<<"                            6.统计功能"<<endl;    cout<<"                            7.保存功能"<<endl;    cout<<"                            8.全部删除"<<endl;    cout<<"                            0.退出系统"<<endl;cout<<endl;    cout<<endl;    cout<<"***********************************************************************"<<endl;    cout<<"======================================================================="<<endl;    cout<<"***********************************************************************"<<endl;    cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;    cin >> ch;    cout<<"\n\n\n"<<endl;    return ch;}void studentMessage::save(void){     system("cls");     fstream f("student.txt",ios::out);    int i;    if(!f)    {        cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;        cout<<"文件保存失败!！！！按任意键返回..."<<endl;           if(i = getch()) return ;    }    if(student::num_total == 0)        {            f<<"当前记录中无学生..."<<endl;        }    else        {            student *p = first->next;            while(p != null)            {                f<<"学号:"<<p->id<<"  "<<endl;                f<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<endl;                f<<"性别(boy/girl):"<<p->sex<<endl;                f<<"年龄:"<<p->age<<endl;                f<<"班级:"<<p->grade<<endl;            if(p->grade == 'A')            {                f<<"专业："<<p->major<<endl;                f<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;                f<<"联系方式："<<p->TL<<endl;            }            else if(p->grade == 'B')            {                f<<"地理成绩："<<p->geography<<endl;                f<<"历史成绩："<<p->history<<endl;                f<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;            }            else            {                f<<"语文成绩："<<p->chinese<<endl;                f<<"数学成绩："<<p->math<<endl;                f<<"英语成绩："<<p->english<<endl;            }        f<<"------------------------------------------------"<<endl;            p = p->next;            }        }         f.close();            cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;            cout<<"学生信息文件已创建，按任意键继续"<<endl;            i = getch();}void studentMessage::read(void){    system("cls");    string name;    int age;    int id;    char grade;    string sex,address;    double chinese , math , english;  //语文 ， 数学 ， 英语    double history , geography ;     //历史  ， 地理    string major; long long int TL;     //  专业  ，  电话    int i;    char ch;   ifstream f("student.txt");    while(1)    {        f>>ch;        if(f.eof())        {            cout<<"文件为空！按任意键返回"<<endl;            if(i = getch()) return ;        }            f>>name;            f>>sex;            f>>age;            f>>id;            f>>grade;        if(grade=='A')        {            f>>major;            f>>address;            f>>TL;        }        else if(grade == 'B')        {            f>>geography;            f>>history;            f>>address;        }        else        {            f>>chinese;            f>>math;            f>>english;        }        student::num_total ++;        if(sex=="boy") student::num_sex++;        if(age>=18) student::num_age ++;        student *newstu = new student();        if(grade == 'A')    newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,major,address,TL);        else if(grade == 'B')    newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,geography,history,address);        else if(grade == 'C')    newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,chinese,math,english);    student *p = first;    while(p->next != NULL)        {            p = p->next;        }        p->next = newstu;        newstu->next = null;    }}/统计void studentMessage::tongji(void){    system("cls");//    cout<<"学生人数一共为：" <<student::num_total<<endl;    cout<<"男生一共有："<<student::num_sex<<endl;    cout<<"女生一共有："<<student::num_total-student::num_sex<<endl;    cout<<"成年人有："<<student::num_age<<endl;    int i;            cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;            cout<<"按任意键继续"<<endl;            i = getch();}//插入void studentMessage::Insret(void){    system("cls");//    string name;    int age;    int id;    char grade;    string sex,address;    double chinese , math , english;  //语文 ， 数学 ， 英语    double history , geography ;     //历史  ， 地理    string major; long long int TL;     //  专业  ，  电话    cout<<"请输入学生姓名: ";    cin>>name;    cout<<"请输入学生性别(boy/girl): ";    cin>>sex;    cout<<"请输入学生年龄: ";    cin>>age;    cout<<"请输入学生学号: ";    cin>>id;    cout<<"下面请输入学生班级(大学生输入'A'，初中生输入'B',小学生输入'C'): ";    cout<<endl;    cin>>grade;    cout<<endl;    if(grade=='A')    {        cout<<"请输入专业："<<endl;        cin>>major;        cout<<"请输入家庭住址："<<endl;        cin>>address;        cout<<"请输入联系电话："<<endl;        cin>>TL;    }    else if(grade == 'B')    {        cout<<"请输入地理成绩："<<endl;        cin>>geography;        cout<<"请输入历史成绩："<<endl;        cin>>history;        cout<<"请输入家庭住址："<<endl;        cin>>address;    }    else    {        cout<<"请输入语文成绩："<<endl;        cin>>chinese;        cout<<"请输入数学成成绩："<<endl;        cin>>math;        cout<<"请输入英语成绩："<<endl;        cin>>english;    }    student::num_total ++;    if(sex=="boy") student::num_sex++;    if(age>=18) student::num_age ++;    student *newstu = new student();         if(grade == 'A')    newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,major,address,TL);    else if(grade == 'B')    newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,geography,history,address);    else if(grade == 'C')    newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,chinese,math,english);    student *p = first;    while(p->next != NULL)    {        p = p->next;    }    p->next = newstu;    newstu->next = null;}//00000000000000000000000/void studentMessage::Display(void){    system("cls");    if(student::num_total == 0)    {        cout<<"当前记录中无学生..."<<endl;    }    else    {        student *p = first->next;        while(p != null)        {            cout<<"学号:"<<p->id<<"  "<<endl;            cout<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<endl;            cout<<"性别(boy/girl):"<<p->sex<<endl;            cout<<"年龄:"<<p->age<<endl;            cout<<"班级:"<<p->grade<<endl;            if(p->grade == 'A')            {                cout<<"专业："<<p->major<<endl;                cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;                cout<<"联系方式："<<p->TL<<endl;            }            else if(p->grade == 'B')            {                cout<<"地理成绩："<<p->geography<<endl;                cout<<"历史成绩："<<p->history<<endl;                cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;            }            else            {                cout<<"语文成绩："<<p->chinese<<endl;                cout<<"数学成绩："<<p->math<<endl;                cout<<"英语成绩："<<p->english<<endl;            }    cout<<"------------------------------------------------"<<endl;            p = p->next;        }    }    int i;            cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;            cout<<"按任意键继续"<<endl;            i = getch();}//删除功能~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~void studentMessage::Delete(void){    string _name;    system("cls");    cout<<"请输入需要删除的同学姓名："<<endl;    cin>>_name;    int k=0;    student *p = first;    student *pre = first;    while(p->next)    {        pre=p->next;        if(pre->name == _name)        {            p->next=pre->next;            k=1;            delete pre;        }        p=p->next;    }     if(k==0&&p->name!=_name)   cout<<"记录为空!"<<endl;     else    {        student::num_total--;        if(p->sex=="boy") student::num_sex--;        if(p->age>=18)   student::num_age--;    }    int i;            cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;            cout<<"按任意键继续"<<endl;            i = getch();}void studentMessage::Search(void){    system("cls");/    int temp = 0;    cout<<"请输入查找的条件，有如下选项..."<<endl;    cout<<"按照学号查找（请输入【1】） 按照姓名查找（请输入【2】） "<<endl;    cout<<" 退出（请输入【666】）"<<endl;    cin>>temp;    switch(temp)    {        case 1: SearchByid(); break;        case 2: SearchByname(); break;        case 666: return;        default: cout<<"输入有误..."<<endl;    }}void studentMessage::SearchByid(void){    system("cls");//    int _id;    int flag = 0;    cout<<"请输入待查找学生的学号：";    cin >> _id;    student *p = first->next;    while(p != null)    {        if(p->id == _id)        {            flag = 1;            cout<<"下面是查找匹配结果："<<endl;            cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;            cout<<"学号:"<<p->id<<"  "<<endl;            cout<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<endl;            cout<<"性别(boy/girl):"<<p->sex<<endl;            cout<<"年龄:"<<p->age<<endl;            cout<<"班级:"<<p->grade<<endl;            if(p->grade == 'A')            {                cout<<"专业："<<p->major<<endl;                cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;                cout<<"联系方式："<<p->TL<<endl;            }            else if(p->grade == 'B')            {                cout<<"地理成绩："<<p->geography<<endl;                cout<<"历史成绩："<<p->history<<endl;                cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;            }            else            {                cout<<"语文成绩："<<p->chinese<<endl;                cout<<"数学成绩："<<p->math<<endl;                cout<<"英语成绩："<<p->english<<endl;            }        }        p = p->next;    }    if(flag == 0)    {        cout<<"未找到匹配项..."<<endl;    }     int i;            cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;            cout<<"按任意键继续"<<endl;            i = getch();}void studentMessage::SearchByname(void){    system("cls");/    string _name;    int flag = 0;    cout<<"请输入待查找的学生姓名: ";    cin >> _name;    student *p = first->next;    while(p != null)    {        if(p->name == _name)        {            cout<<"下面是查找匹配结果："<<endl;            cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;            cout<<"学号:"<<p->id<<"  "<<endl;            cout<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<endl;            cout<<"性别(boy/girl):"<<p->sex<<endl;            cout<<"年龄:"<<p->age<<endl;            cout<<"班级:"<<p->grade<<endl;            if(p->grade == 'A')            {                cout<<"专业："<<p->major<<endl;                cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;                cout<<"联系方式："<<p->TL<<endl;            }            else if(p->grade == 'B')            {                cout<<"地理成绩："<<p->geography<<endl;                cout<<"历史成绩："<<p->history<<endl;                cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;            }            else            {                cout<<"语文成绩："<<p->chinese<<endl;                cout<<"数学成绩："<<p->math<<endl;                cout<<"英语成绩："<<p->english<<endl;            }        }        p = p->next;    }    if(flag == 0)    {        cout<<"未找到匹配项..."<<endl;    }     int i;            cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;            cout<<"按任意键继续"<<endl;            i = getch();}void studentMessage::Change(void){    system("cls");//    string _name,_sex,_address,_major;    char _grade; long long int _TL;    double _chinese , _math , _english;  //语文 ， 数学 ， 英语    double _history , _geography ;     //历史  ， 地理    int flag = 0,temp;    int _id,_age;    int course = 0;    cout<<"请输入需要改动信息的学生的姓名: ";    cin >> _name;    student *p = first->next;    while(p != null)    {        if(p->name == _name)        {            flag = 1;            cout<<"该学生当前信息如下："<<endl;            cout<<"学号:"<<p->id<<"  "<<endl;            cout<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<endl;            cout<<"性别(boy/girl):"<<p->sex<<endl;            cout<<"年龄:"<<p->age<<endl;            cout<<"班级:"<<p->grade<<endl;            if(p->grade == 'A')            {                cout<<"专业："<<p->major<<endl;                cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;                cout<<"联系方式："<<p->TL<<endl;            }            else if(p->grade == 'B')            {                cout<<"地理成绩："<<p->geography<<endl;                cout<<"历史成绩："<<p->history<<endl;                cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;            }            else            {                cout<<"语文成绩："<<p->chinese<<endl;                cout<<"数学成绩："<<p->math<<endl;                cout<<"英语成绩："<<p->english<<endl;            }            cout<<"请指明哪一项需要修改..."<<endl;            cout<<"修改学号（输入【1】） 修改年龄（输入【2】）修改班级信息（输入【3】） "<<endl;            cout<<" 退出（输入【666】）"<<endl;            cin >> temp;            switch(temp)            {                case 1:                    {                        cout<<"请输入新的学号："<<endl;cin>>_id;                        p->id = _id;                    }                    break;                case 2:                    {                        cout<<"请输入新的年龄："<<endl;;cin>>_age;                        p->age = _age;                    }                    break;                case 3:                    {                        cout<<"请输入新的班级信息(大学生输入'A'，初中生输入'B',小学生输入'C')："<<endl;;cin>>_grade;                        p->grade = _grade;                         if(_grade=='A')                            {                                cout<<"请输入专业："<<endl;                                cin>>_major;                                p->major = _major;                                cout<<"请输入家庭住址："<<endl;                                cin>>_address;                                p->address = _address;                                cout<<"请输入联系电话："<<endl;                                cin>>_TL;                                p->TL = _TL;                            }                        else if(_grade == 'B')                            {                                cout<<"请输入地理成绩："<<endl;                                cin>>_geography;                                p->geography = _geography;                                cout<<"请输入历史成绩："<<endl;                                cin>>_history;                                p->history = _history;                                cout<<"请输入家庭住址："<<endl;                                cin>>_address;                                p->address = _address;                            }                            else                            {                                cout<<"请输入语文成绩："<<endl;                                cin>>_chinese;                                p->chinese = _chinese;                                cout<<"请输入数学成成绩："<<endl;                                cin>>_math;                                p->major = _math;                                cout<<"请输入英语成绩："<<endl;                                cin>>_english;                                p->english = _english;                            }                    }                    break;                    case 666: return ;                    cout<<"修改后的信息如下： "<<endl;                    cout<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<"  "<<endl;                    cout<<"性别:"<<p->sex<<"  "<<endl;                    cout<<"年龄:"<<p->age<<"  "<<endl;                    cout<<"学号:"<<p->id<<"  "<<endl;                    cout<<"地址:"<<p->address<<"  "<<endl;                default:  cout<<"输入有误..."<<endl;            }        }        p = p->next;    }    if(flag == 0)        cout<<"当前记录中没有此学生..."<<endl;}void studentMessage::clear(void){    student *p = first->next;    while(p != null)    {        first->next = p->next;        p->next = null;        delete p;        p = first->next;    }}int main(){    studentMessage stulist;    int ch;    while(ch = stulist.menu())    {        switch(ch)        {            case 1: stulist.Insret();  break;            case 2: stulist.Search();  break;            case 3: stulist.Display(); break;            case 4: stulist.Change();  break;            case 5: stulist.Delete();  break;            case 6: stulist.tongji();  break;            case 7: stulist.save();    break;            case 8: stulist.clear();   break;            case 0: return 0;            default: cout<<"请按要求输入..."<<endl;        }    }    return 0;}

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