OEL7.1安装oracle 12c简单步骤

设置主机名：

[root@db12c ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname db12c --static
[root@db12c ~]# cat /etc/hosts127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6192.168.34.189 db12c[root@db12c ~]# hostnamectl    Static hostname: db12c         Icon name: computer           Chassis: n/a        Machine ID: 5e84ad7084be4550be7929df16f31ea7           Boot ID: 4793b89804f849bd86464594eb107e22    Virtualization: vmware  Operating System: oracle linux Server 7.1       CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:oracle:linux:7:1            Kernel: Linux 3.8.13-55.1.6.el7uek.x86_64      Architecture: x86_64

添加组和用户：

[root@db12c ~]# groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
[root@db12c ~]# groupadd -g 54322 dba
[root@db12c ~]# groupadd -g 54323 oper
[root@db12c ~]# groupadd -g 54324 backupdba
[root@db12c ~]# groupadd -g 54325 dgdba
[root@db12c ~]# groupadd -g 54326 kmdba
[root@db12c ~]# groupadd -g 54327 asmdba
[root@db12c ~]# groupadd -g 54328 asmoper
[root@db12c ~]# groupadd -g 54329 asmadmin
[root@db12c ~]# useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba oracle

设置密码：

[root@db12c ~]# passwd oracle
Changing passWord for user oracle.
New password: 
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password: 
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

安装软件包：

[root@db12c Packages]# yum install oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall-1.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm -yLoaded plugins: langpacksExamining oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall-1.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm: oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall-1.0-3.el7.x86_64Marking oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall-1.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installedResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall.x86_64 0:1.0-3.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: compat-libcap1 for package: oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall-1.0-3.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: compat-libstdc++-33 for package: oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall-1.0-3.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: GCc-c++ for package: oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall-1.0-3.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: ksh for package: oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall-1.0-3.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: libaio-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall-1.0-3.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall-1.0-3.el7.x86_64--> Running transaction check---> Package compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-7.el7 will be installed---> Package compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-72.el7 will be installed---> Package gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.8.3-9.el7 will be installed---> Package ksh.x86_64 0:20120801-22.el7 will be installed---> Package libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.109-12.el7 will be installed---> Package libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.8.3-9.el7 will be installed--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===================================================================================================================================== Package                                Arch     Version              Repository                                                Size=====================================================================================================================================Installing: oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall   x86_64   1.0-3.el7            /oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall-1.0-3.el7.x86_64    43 kInstalling for dependencies: compat-libcap1                         x86_64   1.10-7.el7           ol7_latest                                                17 k compat-libstdc++-33                    x86_64   3.2.3-72.el7         ol7_latest                                               190 k gcc-c++                                x86_64   4.8.3-9.el7          ol7_latest                                               7.2 M ksh                                    x86_64   20120801-22.el7      ol7_latest                                               879 k libaio-devel                           x86_64   0.3.109-12.el7       ol7_latest                                                12 k libstdc++-devel                        x86_64   4.8.3-9.el7          ol7_latest                                               1.5 M
Transaction Summary=====================================================================================================================================Install  1 Package (+6 Dependent packages)
Total size: 9.8 MTotal download size: 9.7 MInstalled size: 29 MDownloading packages:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total                                                                                                 42 MB/s | 9.7 MB  00:00:00     Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction  Installing : libstdc++-devel-4.8.3-9.el7.x86_64                                                                                1/7   Installing : gcc-c++-4.8.3-9.el7.x86_64                                                                                        2/7   Installing : libaio-devel-0.3.109-12.el7.x86_64                                                                                3/7   Installing : compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64                                                                                  4/7   Installing : compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64                                                                           5/7   Installing : ksh-20120801-22.el7.x86_64                                                                                        6/7   Installing : oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall-1.0-3.el7.x86_64                                                             7/7   Verifying  : ksh-20120801-22.el7.x86_64                                                                                        1/7   Verifying  : gcc-c++-4.8.3-9.el7.x86_64                                                                                        2/7   Verifying  : compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64                                                                           3/7   Verifying  : compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64                                                                                  4/7   Verifying  : libaio-devel-0.3.109-12.el7.x86_64                                                                                5/7   Verifying  : oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall-1.0-3.el7.x86_64                                                             6/7   Verifying  : libstdc++-devel-4.8.3-9.el7.x86_64                                                                                7/7
Installed:  oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall.x86_64 0:1.0-3.el7                                                                           
Dependency Installed:  compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-7.el7       compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-72.el7       gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.8.3-9.el7                ksh.x86_64 0:20120801-22.el7             libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.109-12.el7            libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.8.3-9.el7     
Complete!

禁用selinux和防火墙：

[root@db12c Packages]# vim /etc/selinux/config 
[root@db12c Packages]# systemctl start firewalld.service
[root@db12c Packages]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@db12c Packages]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
rm '/etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service'
rm '/etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service'
[root@db12c Packages]# setenforce

修改系统内核参数：

[root@db12c Packages]# sysctl -p
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

修改oracle用户资源限制：

[root@db12c Packages]# tail -10 /etc/security/limits.conf 
#@faculty
        hard    nproc           50
#ftp             hard    nproc           0
#@student
        -       maxlogins       4
oracle   soft   nofile   1024
oracle   hard   nofile   65536
oracle   soft   nproc    2047
oracle   hard   nproc    16384
oracle   soft   stack    10240
oracle   hard   stack    32768

配置环境变量：

export TMP=/tmp
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=db12c
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=ORA12C
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=ORA12C
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;
alias cdob='cd $ORACLE_BASE'
alias cdoh='cd $ORACLE_HOME'
alias tns='cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin'
alias envo='env | grep ORACLE'
umask 022
envo

建立安装目录：

[root@db12c ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
[root@db12c ~]# chown oracle:oinstall -R /u01/
[root@db12c ~]# systemctl mask tmp.mount
ln -s '/dev/null' '/etc/systemd/system/tmp.mount'
[root@db12c ~]# chmod 775 -R /u01/