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Linux 安装Mysql8.0

mysql 数据库 Linux 2023-10-26 16:10:33 934人浏览安东尼

摘要

目录一、官网下载Mysql安装包二、解压安装三、创建mysql用户组及用户四、初始化数据库五、配置Mysql 六、建立Mysql服务七、修改密码八、开启远程访问九、关闭Linux防火墙一、官网下载Mysql安装包我

一、官网下载Mysql安装包

我的环境是Centos选择对应系统

MySQL :: Download MySQL Community Server

二、解压安装

上传文件至服务器，本次演示mysql上传位置：/appusr/apphome

解压执行命令：tar -xvf mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

tar -xvf mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

重命名为：mysql-8.0

mv mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql-8.0

进入mysql-8.0的目录，新建data文件夹

[root@centos-tianmen apphome]# cd mysql-8.0/[root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]# mkdir data[root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]# ll总用量 296drwxr-xr-x.  2 7161 31415   4096 12月 17 00:54 bindrwxr-xr-x.  2 root root       6 3月  19 14:42 datadrwxr-xr-x.  2 7161 31415     56 12月 17 00:54 docsdrwxr-xr-x.  3 7161 31415   4096 12月 17 00:54 includedrwxr-xr-x.  6 7161 31415    201 12月 17 00:54 lib-rw-r--r--.  1 7161 31415 283374 12月 16 23:34 LICENSEdrwxr-xr-x.  4 7161 31415     30 12月 17 00:54 man-rw-r--r--.  1 7161 31415    666 12月 16 23:34 READMEdrwxr-xr-x. 28 7161 31415   4096 12月 17 00:54 sharedrwxr-xr-x.  2 7161 31415     77 12月 17 00:54 support-files

新增tmp、log目录后面使用

[root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]# mkdir log[root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]# mkdir tmp

三、创建mysql用户组及用户

新增用户组mysql

groupadd mysql

新增用户mysql 密码mysql

useradd -g mysql mysql

授权，指向mysql的安装目录

chown -R mysql.mysql /appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/

四、初始化数据库

进入mysql安装目录，我的安装目录为：/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0

[root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]# cd /appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/[root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]# pwd/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0

初始化数据库

执行命令：./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/ --datadir=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/data/ --initialize ;

[root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/ --datadir=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/data/ --initialize ;2023-03-19T08:42:40.094583Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.2023-03-19T08:42:40.094889Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.32) initializing of server in progress as process 531322023-03-19T08:42:40.116956Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.2023-03-19T08:42:40.999879Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.2023-03-19T08:42:43.037019Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary passWord is generated for root@localhost: =cFY9lpinfc6

记住临时密码：=cFY9lpinfc6

五、配置Mysql

修改配置文件

vi /etc/my.cnf

my.cnf配置文件自用：

#[mysqld]#datadir=/var/lib/mysql#Socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks#symbolic-links=0# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the# instructions in Http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd#[mysqld_safe]#log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log#pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid## include all files from the config directory##!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d[mysql]#basedir=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0#datadir=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/data/socket=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/tmp/mysql.sockport=3306user=mysql#skip-grant-tables# 指定日志时间为系统时间#log_timestamps=SYSTEM#log-error=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/log/mysql.err# # 指定字符集为utf8，因为mysql8.0中的默认字符集为utfmb4，会和其他程序引起兼容性问题default-character-set=utf8##[mysqld]basedir=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0datadir=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/datasocket=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/tmp/mysql.sockport=3306user=mysqllog_timestamps=SYSTEMcollation-server = utf8_unicode_cicharacter-set-server = utf8# # 指定默认认证的加密方式，mysql8.0中默认方式为caching_sha2_password，引起老版本兼容性问题default_authentication_plugin= mysql_native_password#skip-grant-tables[mysqld_safe]log-error=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/log/mysqld_safe.errpid-file=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/tmp/mysqld.pidsocket=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/tmp/mysql.sock#skip-grant-tables[mysql.server]#basedir=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0datadir=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/datasocket=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/tmp/mysql.sockport=3306user=mysql#skip-grant-tables[mysqladmin]                 socket=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/tmp/mysql.sock

六、建立Mysql服务

进入mysql安装目录

cd /appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/

添加Mysql到系统服务

cp -a ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqlchmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqlchkconfig --add mysql

检查服务是否生效

chkconfig --list mysql

如图：

[root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]# cp -a ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql [root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql[root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]# chkconfig --add mysql[root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]# chkconfig --list mysql注：该输出结果只显示 SysV 服务，并不包含原生 systemd 服务。SysV 配置数据可能被原生 systemd 配置覆盖。       要列出 systemd 服务，请执行 'systemctl list-unit-files'。      查看在具体 target 启用的服务请执行      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'。mysql          0:关1:关2:开3:开4:开5:开6:关[root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]#

启动mysql服务

service mysql start;

如有报错文件不存在，新建缺失的文件，授权mysql

[root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]# service mysql start;Starting MySQL... SUCCESS!

查看服务状态

service mysql status;

[root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]# service mysql status; SUCCESS! MySQL running (54691)

七、修改密码

cd /appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/bin/

使用上面的临时密码登录，执行命令

./mysql -uroot -p

如图：

[root@centos-tianmen bin]# ./mysql -uroot -pEnter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 8Server version: 8.0.32Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql>

修改密码

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '新密码';

OK，到此安装完成了！

八、开启远程访问

在登录状态执行下述SQL

mysql> CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '密码';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'%';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '密码';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

九、关闭Linux防火墙

查看防火墙状态

systemctl status firewalld.service

[root@centos-tianmen bin]# systemctl status firewalld.service● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)   Active: active (running) since 日 2023-03-19 13:39:15 CST; 4h 52min aGo     Docs: man:firewalld(1) Main PID: 704 (firewalld)    Tasks: 2   CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service           └─704 /usr/bin/python2 -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid3月 19 13:39:11 centos-tianmen systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...3月 19 13:39:15 centos-tianmen systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.3月 19 13:39:15 centos-tianmen firewalld[704]: WARNING: AllowZoneDrifting is enabled. This is considered an insecure configuration option. It will be removed in a future release. Please conside...abling it now.Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

目前开启状态，关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld.service

再查看防火墙状态，已经关闭

[root@centos-tianmen bin]# systemctl status firewalld.service● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)   Active: inactive (dead) since 日 2023-03-19 18:31:56 CST; 1s ago     Docs: man:firewalld(1)  Process: 704 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid $FIREWALLD_ARGS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 704 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)3月 19 13:39:11 centos-tianmen systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...3月 19 13:39:15 centos-tianmen systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.3月 19 13:39:15 centos-tianmen firewalld[704]: WARNING: AllowZoneDrifting is enabled. This is considered an insecure configuration option. It will be removed in a future release. Please conside...abling it now.3月 19 18:31:50 centos-tianmen systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...3月 19 18:31:56 centos-tianmen systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

设置永久关闭防火墙

systemctl disable firewalld.service

[root@centos-tianmen bin]# systemctl disable firewalld.serviceRemoved symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.

链接Mysql