python中xml格式的转换方法

# 导入
import xml.dom.minidom as minidom
# 创建文档实例
dom = minidom.getDOMImplementation().createDocument(None,'Root',None)
# 获得根节点
root = dom.documentElement

for i in range(5):
    # 创建节点
    element = dom.createElement('Name')
    # 给这个节点添加数据
    element.appendChild(dom.createTextnode('default'))
    # 设置属性
    element.setAttribute('age', str(i))
    # 添加到节点
    root.appendChild(element)
# 保存文件  相对与原始的写入回自动缩进
with open('own.xml', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    dom.writexml(f, addindent='\t', newl='\n',encoding='utf-8')

# 文档内容
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Root>
    <Name age="0">default</Name>
    <Name age="1">default</Name>
    <Name age="2">default</Name>
    <Name age="3">default</Name>
    <Name age="4">default</Name>
</Root>

# ==================================
如果需要将已经写好的xml文件进行缩进处理
可以执行以下代码  root 是获取的根节点
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
from xml.dom import minidom

def save_xml(root, filename, indent="\t", newl="\n", encoding="utf-8"):
    raw_text = ET.tostring(root)
    dom = minidom.parseString(raw_Text)
    with open(filename, "w") as f:
        dom.writexml(f, indent, newl, encoding)  

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
from xml.dom import minidom

# 读取文档
dom = minidom.parse("own.xml")
# 获取根节点
root = dom.documentElement
# 按照名称查找字节点, 注意这里 回递归查找所有子节点  所有的子节点: root.childNodes
names = root.getElementsByTagName("Name")
for name in names:
    
    print(name.childNodes[0].nodeValue, end="\t")
    # 查询name是否含有属性age
    if name.hasAttribute("age"):
        # 产看属性age
        print(name.getAttribute("age"), end="\t")
    print("")

# 导入 
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
# 增加换行符
def __indent(elem, level=0):
    i = "\n" + level*"\t"
    if len(elem):
        if not elem.text or not elem.text.strip():
            elem.text = i + "\t"
        if not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip():
            elem.tail = i
        for elem in elem:
            __indent(elem, level+1)
        if not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip():
            elem.tail = i
    else:
        if level and (not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip()):
            elem.tail = i

root = ET.Element('Root')       # 创建节点
tree = ET.ElementTree(root)     # 创建文档

for i in range(5):
    element = ET.Element('Name')
    element.set('age', str(i))
    element.text = 'default'
    root.append(element)

__indent(root)          # 增加换行符
tree.write('default.xml', encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True)

# 文档内容
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<Root>
    <Name age="0">default</Name>
    <Name age="1">default</Name>
    <Name age="2">default</Name>
    <Name age="3">default</Name>
    <Name age="4">default</Name>
</Root>

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

# 获取文档
tree = ET.parse('default.xml')
# 获取根节点
root = tree.getroot()
# 获取所有子节点 list(root)  
# 查找所有子节点(非递归) root.findall("Name")  递归 root.iter("Name")
for node in list(root):
    print(node.text, node.tag, node.get('age'))

for node in root.findall('Name'):
    print(node.text, node.tag, node.get('age'))

# 输出
default Name 0
default Name 1
default Name 2
default Name 3
default Name 4
default Name 0
default Name 1
default Name 2
default Name 3
default Name 4

from xml.etree.ElementTree import parse
try:
  doc=parse('b.xml')
  for item in doc.iterfind('class'):
      classname=item.get('a_name')
      print("classname=",classname)
      for s in list(item):
        name=s.findtext('name')
        age = s.findtext('age')
        sex = s.findtext('sex')
        print("name=",name,"age=",age,"sex=",sex)
      print("-------------------")
except Exception as e:
  print(e)

from xml.dom.minidom import parseString
import os
d=[20,'name',
  {'name':'apple','num':10,'price':23},
  {'name': 'pear', 'num': 20, 'price': 18.7},
  {'name': 'banana', 'num': 10.5, 'price': 23}]
bxml=dicttoxml.dicttoxml(d,custom_root='fruit')
xml=bxml.decode('utf-8')
print(xml)
dom=parseString(xml)
pxml=dom.toprettyxml(indent='  ')
f=open('fruits.xml','w',encoding='utf-8')
f.write(pxml)
f.close()

import xmltodict
import pprint
f=open('fruits.xml')
xml=f.read()
d=xmltodict.parse(xml)
pp=pprint.PrettyPrinter(indent=4)
pp.pprint(d)#可以通过d['root']['arg']['#text']来访问节点中的文本值，d['root']['arg']['@p']来访问属性值
f.close()

import json
data={'name':'bill','company':'huawei','age':30}
jsonstr=json.dumps(data)
print(jsonstr)

d=json.loads(jsonstr) print(d)

import json
class Product:
  def __init__(self,d):
    self.__dict__=d
def json2Product(d):
  return Product(d)
f=open('products.json','r',encoding='utf-8')
strjson=f.read()
products=json.loads(strjson,object_hook=Product)
for p in products:
  print('name=',p.name,'price=',p.price)

def product2Dict(product):
  return {
    'name': product.name,
    'price': product.price,
    'count': product.count
    }
strJson=json.dumps(products,default=product2Dict)
print(strJson)

import json
data=[{"name": "iPhone9", "price": 9999, "count": 3000}, {"name": "tesila", "price": 800000, "count": 122}]
# 将字典转换为json
jsonstr=json.dumps(data)
class Product:
  def __init__(self,d):
    self.__dict__=d
def json2Product(d):
  return Product(d)
# 将json转换为类
ps=json.loads(jsonstr,object_hook=Product)
for p in ps:
  print('name=', p.name, 'price=', p.price)

def product2Dict(product):
  return {
    'name': product.name,
    'price': product.price,
    'count': product.count
    }
# 将类转换为json
strJson=json.dumps(ps,default=product2Dict)
print(strJson)
d=json.loads(strJson)
print(d)

import json
import dicttoxml
f=open('products.json','r',encoding='utf-8')
jsonstr=f.read()
# 将json转换为字典
d=json.loads(jsonstr)
print(d)
# 将字典转换为xml
bxml=dicttoxml.dicttoxml(d,custom_root='fruit')
print(bxml)

import xmltodict
import json
f=open('products.xml','r',encoding='utf-8')
d=f.read()
#先将xml转换为字典
data=xmltodict.parse(d)
print(data)
#再将字典转换为json
strjson=json.dumps(data)
print(strjson)