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pandas的Series类型与基本操作详解

2024-04-02 19:04:59 618人浏览薄情痞子

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摘要

目录1 Series1.1创造一个serise数据1.2 指定index1.3 用dictionary构造一个series1.4 用numpy ndarray构造一个Series1.

1 Series

线性的数据结构, series是一个一维数组

pandas 会默然用0到n-1来作为series的index, 但也可以自己指定index( 可以把index理解为dict里面的key )

1.1创造一个serise数据


import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
s = pd.Series([9, 'zheng', 'beijing', 128])
print(s)

打印

0 9
1 zheng
2 beijing
3 128
dtype: object

访问其中某个数据


print(s[1:2])

# 打印
1 zheng
dtype: object

Series类型的基本操作：

Series类型包括index和values两部分


In [14]: a = pd.Series({'a':1,'b':5})

In [15]: a.index
Out[15]: Index(['a', 'b'], dtype='object')

In [16]: a.values #返回一个多维数组numpy对象
Out[16]: array([1, 5], dtype=int64)

Series类型的操作类似ndarray类型


#自动索引和自定义索引并存，但不能混用
In [17]: a[0] #自动索引
Out[17]: 1
#自定义索引
In [18]: a['a']
Out[18]: 1
#不能混用
In [20]: a[['a',1]]
Out[20]:
a 1.0
1 NaN
dtype: float64

Series类型的操作类似python字典类型


#通过自定义索引访问
#对索引保留字in操作，值不可以
In [21]: 'a' in a
Out[21]: True

In [22]: 1 in a
Out[22]: False

Series类型在运算中会自动对齐不同索引的数据


In [29]: a = pd.Series([1,3,5],index = ['a','b','c'])

In [30]: b = pd.Series([2,4,5,6],index = ['c,','d','e','b'])

In [31]: a+b
Out[31]:
a  NaN
b  9.0
c  NaN
c, NaN
d  NaN
e  NaN
dtype: float64

Series对象可以随时修改并即刻生效


In [32]: a.index = ['c','d','e']

In [33]: a
Out[33]:
c 1
d 3
e 5
dtype: int64

In [34]: a+b
Out[34]:
b  NaN
c  NaN
c,  NaN
d  7.0
e  10.0
dtype: float64

1.2 指定index


import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
s = pd.Series([9, 'zheng', 'beijing', 128, 'usa', 990], index=[1,2,3,'e','f','g'])
print(s)

打印

1 9
2 zheng
3 beijing
e 128
f usa
g 990
dtype: object

根据索引找出值


print(s['f']) # usa

1.3 用dictionary构造一个series


import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
s = {"ton": 20, "mary": 18, "jack": 19, "car": None}
sa = pd.Series(s, name="age")
print(sa)

打印

car NaN
jack 19.0
mary 18.0
ton 20.0
Name: age, dtype: float64

检测类型


print(type(sa)) # <class 'pandas.core.series.Series'>

1.4 用numpy ndarray构造一个Series

生成一个随机数


import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

num_abc = pd.Series(np.random.randn(5), index=list('abcde'))
num = pd.Series(np.random.randn(5))

print(num)
print(num_abc)

# 打印
0   -0.102860
1   -1.138242
2    1.408063
3   -0.893559
4    1.378845
dtype: float64
a   -0.658398
b    1.568236
c    0.535451
d    0.103117
e   -1.556231
dtype: float64

1.5 选择数据


import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

s = pd.Series([9, 'zheng', 'beijing', 128, 'usa', 990], index=[1,2,3,'e','f','g'])

print(s[1:3])  # 选择第1到3个, 包左不包右 zheng beijing
print(s[[1,3]])  # 选择第1个和第3个, zheng 128
print(s[:-1]) # 选择第1个到倒数第1个, 9 zheng beijing 128 usa

1.6 操作数据


import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
s = pd.Series([9, 'zheng', 'beijing', 128, 'usa', 990], index=[1,2,3,'e','f','g'])

sum = s[1:3] + s[1:3]
sum1 = s[1:4] + s[1:4]
sum2 = s[1:3] + s[1:4]
sum3 = s[:3] + s[1:]
print(sum)
print(sum1)
print(sum2)
print(sum3)

打印

2 zhengzheng
3 beijingbeijing
dtype: object
2 zhengzheng
3 beijingbeijing
e 256
dtype: object
2 zhengzheng
3 beijingbeijing
e NaN
dtype: object
1 NaN
2 zhengzheng
3 beijingbeijing
e NaN
f NaN
g NaN
dtype: object

1.7 查找

是否存在


USA in s # true

范围查找


import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
 
s = {"ton": 20, "mary": 18, "jack": 19, "jim": 22, "lj": 24, "car": None}
 
sa = pd.Series(s, name="age")
 
print(sa[sa>19])

中位数


import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
 
s = {"ton": 20, "mary": 18, "jack": 19, "jim": 22, "lj": 24, "car": None}
 
sa = pd.Series(s, name="age")
 
print(sa.median()) # 20

判断是否大于中位数


import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
 
s = {"ton": 20, "mary": 18, "jack": 19, "jim": 22, "lj": 24, "car": None}
 
sa = pd.Series(s, name="age")
 
print(sa>sa.median())

找出大于中位数的数


import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
 
s = {"ton": 20, "mary": 18, "jack": 19, "jim": 22, "lj": 24, "car": None}
 
sa = pd.Series(s, name="age")
 
print(sa[sa > sa.median()])

中位数


import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
 
s = {"ton": 20, "mary": 18, "jack": 19, "jim": 22, "lj": 24, "car": None}
 
sa = pd.Series(s, name="age")
 
more_than_midian = sa>sa.median()
 
print(more_than_midian)
 
print('---------------------')
 
print(sa[more_than_midian])

1.8 Series赋值


import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
 
s = {"ton": 20, "mary": 18, "jack": 19, "jim": 22, "lj": 24, "car": None}
 
sa = pd.Series(s, name="age")
 
print(s)
 
print('----------------')
 
sa['ton'] = 99
 
print(sa)

1.9 满足条件的统一赋值


import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
 
s = {"ton": 20, "mary": 18, "jack": 19, "jim": 22, "lj": 24, "car": None}
 
sa = pd.Series(s, name="age")
 
print(s) # 打印原字典
 
print('---------------------') # 分割线
 
sa[sa>19] = 88 # 将所有大于19的同一改为88
 
print(sa) # 打印更改之后的数据
 
print('---------------------') # 分割线
 
print(sa / 2) # 将所有数据除以2