使用Python对Syslog信息进行分析并绘图的实现

import Socketserver
import re
from dateutil import parser
import os
import sqlite3

# facility与ID的对应关系的字典，方便后续分词时提取对应的信息
facility_dict = {0: 'KERN',
                 1: 'USER',
                 2: 'MaiL',
                 3: 'DAEMON',
                 4: 'AUTH',
                 5: 'SYSLOG',
                 6: 'LPR',
                 7: 'NEWS',
                 8: 'UUCP',
                 9: 'CRON',
                 10: 'AUTHPRIV',
                 11: 'FTP',
                 16: 'LOCAL0',
                 17: 'LOCAL1',
                 18: 'LOCAL2',
                 19: 'LOCAL3',
                 20: 'LOCAL4',
                 21: 'LOCAL5',
                 22: 'LOCAL6',
                 23: 'LOCAL7'}

# severity_level与ID的对应关系的字典，方便后续分词时提取对应的信息
severity_level_dict = {0: 'EMERG',
                       1: 'ALERT',
                       2: 'CRIT',
                       3: 'ERR',
                       4: 'WARNING',
                       5: 'NOTICE',
                       6: 'INFO',
                       7: 'DEBUG'}

# 分词处理的类
class SyslogUDPHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
    def handle(self):
        data = bytes.decode(self.request[0].strip())  # 读取数据
        # print(data)
        syslog_info_dict = {'device_ip': self.client_address[0]}
        try:
            # syslog信息如下：<187>83: *Apr  4 00:03:12.969: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet2, 
            # changed state to up，我们需要对此进行提炼分词，并将分词结果记入到一个字典里面；具体的分词过程简单了解即可
            syslog_info = re.match(r'^<(\d*)>(\d*): \*(.*): %(\w+)-(\d)-(\w+): (.*)', str(data)).groups()
            # print(syslog_info[0]) 提取为整数 例如 185
            # 185 二进制为 1011 1001
            # 前5位为facility  >> 3 获取前5位
            # 后3位为severity_level  & 0b111 获取后3位
            syslog_info_dict['facility'] = (int(syslog_info[0]) >> 3)
            syslog_info_dict['facility_name'] = facility_dict[int(syslog_info[0]) >> 3]
            syslog_info_dict['logid'] = int(syslog_info[1])
            syslog_info_dict['time'] = parser.parse(syslog_info[2])
            syslog_info_dict['log_source'] = syslog_info[3]
            syslog_info_dict['severity_level'] = int(syslog_info[4])
            syslog_info_dict['severity_level_name'] = severity_level_dict[int(syslog_info[4])]
            syslog_info_dict['description'] = syslog_info[5]
            syslog_info_dict['text'] = syslog_info[6]
        except AttributeError:
            # 有些日志会缺失%SYS-5-CONFIG_I, 造成第一个正则表达式无法匹配 , 也无法提取severity_level
            # 下面的icmp的debug就是示例
            # <191>91: *Apr  4 00:12:29.616: ICMP: echo reply rcvd, src 10.1.1.80, dst 10.1.1.253, topology BASE, dscp 0 topoid 0
            syslog_info = re.match(r'^<(\d*)>(\d*): \*(.*): (\w+): (.*)', str(data)).groups()
            print(syslog_info[0])
            syslog_info_dict['facility'] = (int(syslog_info[0]) >> 3)
            syslog_info_dict['facility_name'] = facility_dict[int(syslog_info[0]) >> 3]
            syslog_info_dict['logid'] = int(syslog_info[1])
            syslog_info_dict['time'] = parser.parse(syslog_info[2])
            syslog_info_dict['log_source'] = syslog_info[3]
            # 如果在文本部分解析不了severity_level, 切换到syslog_info[0]去获取
            # 185 二进制为 1011 1001
            # 前5位为facility  >> 3 获取前5位
            # 后3位为severity_level  & 0b111 获取后3位
            syslog_info_dict['severity_level'] = (int(syslog_info[0]) & 0b111)
            syslog_info_dict['severity_level_name'] = severity_level_dict[(int(syslog_info[0]) & 0b111)]
            syslog_info_dict['description'] = 'N/A'
            syslog_info_dict['text'] = syslog_info[4]
        # print(syslog_info_dict)
        # 根据分词后的字典进行分析，如果用正则表达式匹配到了OSPF状态有了改变，则打印告警信息
        if syslog_info_dict['log_source'] == 'OSPF':
            result_ospf = re.findall('(Process \d+), Nbr ([0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}).+to (\w+)', syslog_info_dict['text'])[0]
            if result_ospf:
                print('OSPF '+result_ospf[0]+' Neighbor '+result_ospf[1]+' status '+result_ospf[2])
        # 将字典信息写入sqlite数据库中
        conn = sqlite3.connect(gl_dbname)
        cursor = conn.cursor()
        cursor.execute("insert into syslogdb (time, \
                                              device_ip, \
                                              facility, \
                                              facility_name, \
                                              severity_level, \
                                              severity_level_name, \
                                              logid, \
                                              log_source, \
                                              description, \
                                              text) values ('%s', '%s', %d, '%s', %d, '%s', %d, '%s', '%s', '%s')" % (
        syslog_info_dict['time'].strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),
        syslog_info_dict['device_ip'],
        syslog_info_dict['facility'],
        syslog_info_dict['facility_name'],
        syslog_info_dict['severity_level'],
        syslog_info_dict['severity_level_name'],
        syslog_info_dict['logid'],
        syslog_info_dict['log_source'],
        syslog_info_dict['description'],
        syslog_info_dict['text'],
        ))
        conn.commit()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 使用linux解释器 & WIN解释器
    global gl_dbname
    gl_dbname = 'syslog.sqlite'
    if os.path.exists(gl_dbname):
        os.remove(gl_dbname)
    # 连接数据库
    conn = sqlite3.connect(gl_dbname)
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    # 创建数据库

    cursor.execute("create table syslogdb(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,\
                                         time varchar(64), \
                                         device_ip varchar(32),\
                                         facility int,\
                                         facility_name varchar(32),\
                                         severity_level int,\
                                         severity_level_name varchar(32),\
                                         logid int,\
                                         log_source varchar(32), \
                                         description varchar(128), \
                                         text varchar(1024)\
                                         )")
    conn.commit()
    try:
        HOST, PORT = "0.0.0.0", 514  # 本地地址与端口
        server = socketserver.UDPServer((HOST, PORT), SyslogUDPHandler)  # 绑定本地地址，端口和syslog处理方法
        print("Syslog 服务已启用, 写入日志到数据库!!!")
        server.serve_forever(poll_interval=0.5)  # 运行服务器，和轮询间隔

    except (IOError, SystemExit):
        raise
    except KeyboardInterrupt:  # 捕获Ctrl+C，打印信息并退出
        print("Crtl+C Pressed. Shutting down.")
    finally:
        conn.commit()

import sqlite3
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from syslog_server_to_db import severity_level_dict

# 绘制严重等级的饼图
def syslog_show_error_level_pie(dbname):
    # 连接数据库
    conn = sqlite3.connect(dbname)
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    # 提取安全级别和数量信息
    cursor.execute("select severity_level as level,COUNT(*) as count from syslogdb group by severity_level")
    yourresults = cursor.fetchall()

    level_list = []
    count_list = []

    # 把结果写入leve_list和count_list的列表
    for level_info in yourresults:
        level_list.append(severity_level_dict[level_info[0]])
        count_list.append(level_info[1])

    print(level_list)
    print([float(count) for count in count_list])

    plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']  # 设置中文
    # 调节图形大小，宽，高
    plt.figure(figsize=(6, 6))

    # 使用count_list的比例来绘制饼图
    # 使用level_list作为注释
    patches, l_text, p_text = plt.pie(count_list,
                                      labels=level_list,
                                      labeldistance=1.1,
                                      autopct='%3.1f%%',
                                      shadow=False,
                                      startangle=90,
                                      pctdistance=0.6)

    # 改变文本的大小
    # 方法是把每一个text遍历。调用set_size方法设置它的属性
    for t in l_text:
        t.set_size = 30
    for t in p_text:
        t.set_size = 20
    # 设置x，y轴刻度一致，这样饼图才能是圆的
    plt.axis('equal')
    plt.title('SYSLOG严重级别分布图')  # 主题
    plt.legend()
    plt.show()

# 绘制Syslog来源的饼图
def syslog_show_source_pie(dbname):
    # 连接数据库
    conn = sqlite3.connect(dbname)
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    # 提取log源与其对应的数量
    cursor.execute("select log_source,COUNT(*) as count from syslogdb group by log_source")
    yourresults = cursor.fetchall()

    source_list = []
    count_list = []

    # 将数据库的信息，依次写入两个列表
    for source_info in yourresults:
        source_list.append(source_info[0])
        count_list.append(source_info[1])

    print(source_list)
    print([float(count) for count in count_list])

    plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']  # 设置中文
    # 调节图形大小，宽，高
    plt.figure(figsize=(6, 6))

    # 使用count_list的比例来绘制饼图
    # 使用level_list作为注释
    patches, l_text, p_text = plt.pie(count_list,
                                      labels=source_list,
                                      labeldistance=1.1,
                                      autopct='%3.1f%%',
                                      shadow=False,
                                      startangle=90,
                                      pctdistance=0.6)

    # 改变文本的大小
    # 方法是把每一个text遍历。调用set_size方法设置它的属性
    for t in l_text:
        t.set_size = 30
    for t in p_text:
        t.set_size = 20
    # 设置x，y轴刻度一致，这样饼图才能是圆的
    plt.axis('equal')
    plt.title('日志源分布图')  # 主题
    plt.legend()
    plt.show()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    syslog_show_error_level_pie("syslog.sqlite")
    syslog_show_source_pie("syslog.sqlite")