Spring Security的简单使用

2024-04-02 19:04:59 666人浏览泡泡鱼

Python 官方文档：入门教程 => 点击学习

摘要

目录什么是spring SecuritySpring Security测试SpringSecurity的使用静态资源一些其他的小东西什么是Spring Security

什么是Spring Security

Spring Security是一个功能强大且高度可定制的身份验证和访问控制框架。它实际上是保护基于spring的应用程序的标准。
Spring Security是一个框架，侧重于为Java应用程序提供身份验证和授权。与所有Spring项目一样，Spring安全性的真正强大之处在于它可以轻松地扩展以满足定制需求
在用户认证方面，Spring Security 框架支持主流的认证方式，包括 Http 基本认证、HTTP 表单验证、HTTP 摘要认证、OpenID 和 LDAP 等。在用户授权方面，Spring Security 提供了基于角色的访问控制和访问控制列表（Access Control List，ACL），可以对应用中的领域对象进行细粒度的控制。

Spring Security测试

前期准备

新建一个SpringBoot项目，导入WEB模板和thymeleaf模板
导入静态资源

关闭thymeleaf缓存spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
先创建一个TestController来测试一下项目是否搭建成功


package com.example.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@Controller
public class TestController {

    @RequestMapping("/")
    public String index(){
        return "index";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/toLogin")
    public String toLogin(){
        return "views/login";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/level1/{id}")
    public String level1(@PathVariable("id") int id){
        return "views/level1/"+id;
    }

    @RequestMapping("/level2/{id}")
    public String level2(@PathVariable("id") int id){
        return "views/level2/"+id;
    }

    @RequestMapping("/level3/{id}")
    public String level3(@PathVariable("id") int id){
        return "views/level3/"+id;
    }

}

SpringSecurity的使用

引入spring-boot-starter-security模块


 <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>

认识SpringSecurity的几个重要的类

WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter：自定义Security策略
AuthenticationManagerBuilder：自定义认证策略
@EnableWebSecurity：开启WebSecurity模式

SpringSecurity---授权（认真看代码和注释）


//授权
    @Override
    protected void configure(httpsecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/").permitAll() //首页所有人可以访问
                .antMatchers("/level1
        // 在内存中定义认证的规则
        auth.inMemoryAuthentication().passWordEncoder(new BCryptPasswordEncoder())
                .withUser("xiaolong").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip1")
                .and()
                .withUser("xiaomi").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip1","vip2")
                .and()
                .withUser("xiaohu").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip1","vip2","vip3");

        //在jdbc中定义认证的规则
        //auth.jdbcAuthentication()

    }

启动测试

静态资源


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">
    <title>登录</title>
    <!--semantic-ui-->
    <link href="https://cdn.bootCSS.com/semantic-ui/2.4.1/semantic.min.css" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>

<!--主容器-->
<div class="ui container">

    <div class="ui segment">

        <div style="text-align: center">
            <h1 class="header">登录</h1>
        </div>

        <div class="ui placeholder segment">
            <div class="ui column very relaxed stackable grid">
                <div class="column">
                    <div class="ui fORM">
                        <form th:action="@{/login}" method="post">
                            <div class="field">
                                <label>Username</label>
                                <div class="ui left icon input">
                                    <input type="text" placeholder="Username" name="username">
                                    <i class="user icon"></i>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="field">
                                <label>Password</label>
                                <div class="ui left icon input">
                                    <input type="password" name="password">
                                    <i class="lock icon"></i>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="field">
                                <input type="checkbox" name="remember">记住我
                            </div>
                            <input type="submit" class="ui blue submit button"/>
                        </form>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>

        <div style="text-align: center">
            <div class="ui label">
                </i>注册
            </div>
            <br><br>
        </div>
        <div class="ui segment" style="text-align: center">
            <h3>Spring Security</h3>
        </div>
    </div>


</div>

<script th:src="@{/js/Jquery-3.1.1.min.js}"></script>
<script th:src="@{/js/semantic.min.js}"></script>

</body>
</html>

index.html


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org" xmlns:sec="http://www.thymeleaf.org/extras/spring-security">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">
    <title>首页</title>
    <!--semantic-ui-->
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/semantic-ui/2.4.1/semantic.min.css" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="stylesheet">
    <link th:href="@{/css/mystyle.css}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>

<!--主容器-->
<div class="ui container">

    <div class="ui segment" id="index-header-nav" th:fragment="nav-menu">
        <div class="ui secondary menu">
            <a class="item"  th:href="@{/index}" rel="external nofollow" >首页</a>

            <!--登录注销-->
            <div class="right menu">
                <!--未登录-->
                <!--sec:authorize="!isAuthenticated() 未认证即未登录-->
                <div sec:authorize="!isAuthenticated()">
                    <a class="item" th:href="@{/toLogin}" rel="external nofollow" >
                        <i class="address card icon"></i> 登录
                    </a>
                </div>

                <!--已登录-->
                <!--sec:authorize="!isAuthenticated() 已认证即已经有用户登录-->
                <div sec:authorize="isAuthenticated()">
                    <a class="item">
                        <i class="address card icon"></i>
                        用户名：<span sec:authentication="principal.username"></span>
                        角色：<span sec:authentication="principal.authorities"></span>
                    </a>
                </div>
                <!--注销-->
                <div sec:authorize="isAuthenticated()">
                    <a class="item" th:href="@{/loGout}" rel="external nofollow" >
                        <i class="sign-out icon"></i> 注销
                    </a>
                </div>


            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="ui segment" style="text-align: center">
        <h3>Spring Security</h3>
    </div>

    <div>
        <br>
        <div class="ui three column stackable grid">
            <!-- sec:authorize="hasRole('vip1') 永拥有vip1权限的人才能看到 -->
            <div class="column" sec:authorize="hasRole('vip1')">
                <div class="ui raised segment">
                    <div class="ui">
                        <div class="content">
                            <h5 class="content">Level 1</h5>
                            <hr>
                            <div><a th:href="@{/level1/1}" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-1-1</a></div>
                            <div><a th:href="@{/level1/2}" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-1-2</a></div>
                            <div><a th:href="@{/level1/3}" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-1-3</a></div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <!-- sec:authorize="hasRole('vip2') 永拥有vip2权限的人才能看到 -->
            <div class="column" sec:authorize="hasRole('vip2')">
                <div class="ui raised segment">
                    <div class="ui">
                        <div class="content">
                            <h5 class="content">Level 2</h5>
                            <hr>
                            <div><a th:href="@{/level2/1}" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-2-1</a></div>
                            <div><a th:href="@{/level2/2}" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-2-2</a></div>
                            <div><a th:href="@{/level2/3}" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-2-3</a></div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <!-- sec:authorize="hasRole('vip3') 永拥有vip3权限的人才能看到 -->
            <div class="column" sec:authorize="hasRole('vip3')">
                <div class="ui raised segment">
                    <div class="ui">
                        <div class="content">
                            <h5 class="content">Level 3</h5>
                            <hr>
                            <div><a th:href="@{/level3/1}" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-3-1</a></div>
                            <div><a th:href="@{/level3/2}" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-3-2</a></div>
                            <div><a th:href="@{/level3/3}" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-3-3</a></div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
    </div>
    
</div>


<script th:src="@{/js/jquery-3.1.1.min.js}"></script>
<script th:src="@{/js/semantic.min.js}"></script>

</body>
</html>

一些其他的小东西

如果你在测试TestController之前已经提前把spring-boot-starter-security这个依赖导入，那么你请求首页的时候，程序会自动跳转到登录页面，任何请求都会被拦截，停留在登录页面
如果用户还没有登录，你只能看到首页，你点击首页的任何界面的请求都会跳转到默认的登录页面。然后，你通过你认证过的用户进行登录，登录成功后会返回你之前点击的那个界面的请求。也就是说，本来界面有一个/level1/1.html你点击它，没登录，会直接跳转到默认的登录界面，登陆成功后，会返回/level1/1.html，而不是返回首页，这是默认的
分析一下自定义登录页的实现