C#实现基于任务的异步编程模式

private async static void CallerWithAsync()
    {
      string result = await GreetingAsync("Stephanie");
      Console.WriteLine(result);
    }

    static Task<string> GreetingAsync(string name)
    {
      return Task.Run<string>(() =>
        {
            Thread.Sleep(10000);
            return name;
        });
    }
    
    GreetingAsync方法返回一个Task<string>对象。该Task<string>对象包含任务创建的信息，并保存到任务完成。Task类的ContinueWith方法定义了任务完成后就调用的代码。
        private static void CallerWithContinuationTask()
        {

          var t1 = GreetingAsync("Stephanie");


          t1.ContinueWith(t =>
            {
              string result = t.Result;
              Console.WriteLine(result);
            });


        }

static Task<string> GreetingAsync(string name)
        {
          return Task.Run<string>(() =>
            {
                Thread.Sleep(10000);
              Console.WriteLine("running greetingasync in thread {0} and task {1}", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Task.CurrentId);
              return name;
            });
        }
        private async static void CallerWithAsync()
        {
          Console.WriteLine("started CallerWithAsync in thread {0} and task {1}", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Task.CurrentId);
          string result = await GreetingAsync("Stephanie");
          Console.WriteLine(result);
          Console.WriteLine("finished GreetingAsync in thread {0} and task {1}", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Task.CurrentId);
        }
        
        private static void CallerWithContinuationTask()
        {
          Console.WriteLine("started CallerWithContinuationTask in thread {0} and task {1}", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Task.CurrentId);

          var t1 = GreetingAsync("Stephanie");


          t1.ContinueWith(t =>
            {
              string result = t.Result;
              Console.WriteLine(result);
              Console.WriteLine("finished CallerWithContinuationTask in thread {0} and task {1}", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Task.CurrentId);
            });
        }

string s1 = await GreetingAsync("Stephanie").ConfigureAwait(false);

　　private async static void MultipleAsyncMethods()
　　{
　　　　string s1 = await GreetingAsync("Stephanie");
　　　　string s2 = await GreetingAsync(s1);
　　　　Console.WriteLine("Finished both methods.\n Result 1: {0}\n Result 2: {1}", s1, s2);
　　}

　　private async static void MultipleAsyncMethodsWithCombinators1()
　　{
　　　　Task<string> t1 = GreetingAsync("Stephanie");
　　　　Task<string> t2 = GreetingAsync("Matthias");
　　　　await Task.WhenAll(t1, t2);
　　　　Console.WriteLine("Finished both methods.\n Result 1: {0}\n Result 2: {1}", t1.Result, t2.Result);
　　}

string[] result = await Task.WhenAll(t1, t2);

/创建一个委托，并引用同步方法Greeting
        private static Func<string, string> greetingInvoker = Greeting;
        
        
        static IAsyncResult BeginGreeting(string name, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
        {
          return greetingInvoker.BeginInvoke(name, callback, state);
        }

        static string EndGreeting(IAsyncResult ar)
        {
          return greetingInvoker.EndInvoke(ar);
        }
        
        //FromAsync方法的前两个参数是委托类型，传入BeginGreeting, EndGreeting的地址。后两个参数是输入的参数和对象状态参数。
        private static async void ConvertingAsyncPattern()
        {
          string r = await Task<string>.Factory.FromAsync<string>(BeginGreeting, EndGreeting, "Angela", null);
          Console.WriteLine(r);
        }

private static void DontHandle()
        {
          try
          {
            ThrowAfter(200, "first");
            // exception is not caught because this method is finished before the exception is thrown
          }
          catch (Exception ex)
          {
            Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
          }
        }
        
        static async Task ThrowAfter(int ms, string message)
        {
            Console.Write("xxx");
          await Task.Delay(ms);
          throw new Exception(message);
        }

private static async void HandleOneError()
        {
          try
          {
            await ThrowAfter(2000, "first");
          }
          catch (Exception ex)
          {
            Console.WriteLine("handled {0}", ex.Message);
          }
        }

private static async void StartTwoTasks()
        {
          try
          {
            await ThrowAfter(2000, "first");
            await ThrowAfter(1000, "second"); // the second call is not invoked because the first method throws an exception
          }
          catch (Exception ex)
          {
            Console.WriteLine("handled {0}", ex.Message);
          }
        }

private async static void StartTwoTasksParallel()
            {
              Task t1 = null;
              Task t2 = null;
              try
              {
                t1 = ThrowAfter(2000, "first");
                 t2 = ThrowAfter(1000, "second");
                await Task.WhenAll(t1, t2);
              }
              catch (Exception ex)
              {
                // just display the exception infORMation of the first task that is awaited within WhenAll
                Console.WriteLine("handled {0}", ex.Message);
              }
            }

private static async void ShowAggregatedException()
        {
          Task taskResult = null;
          try
          {
            Task t1 = ThrowAfter(2000, "first");
            Task t2 = ThrowAfter(1000, "second");
            await (taskResult = Task.WhenAll(t1, t2));
          }
          catch (Exception ex)
          {
            // just display the exception information of the first task that is awaited within WhenAll
            Console.WriteLine("handled {0}", ex.Message);
            foreach (var ex1 in taskResult.Exception.InnerExceptions)
            {
              Console.WriteLine("inner exception {0} from task {1}", ex1.Message, ex1.Source);
            }
          }
        }

private CancellationTokenSource cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
        
        //添加一个按钮，用于取消正在运行的任务。使用cts.Cancel();
         private void button5_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
         {
             if (cts != null)
                 cts.Cancel();
         }
         
        private async void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            
            string s =  await AsyncTaskTest();
        }

        //向Task类的Run方法传递CancellationToken参数。但需要检查是否请求了取消操作。
         Task<string> AsyncTaskTest()
        {
            return Task.Run(() =>
                {
                cts.Token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
                    Thread.Sleep(5000);
                    return "异步完成";
                }
            , cts.Token);
        }