C#集合之字典的用法

　　　　　　public struct EmployeeId : IEquatable<EmployeeId>
          {
            private readonly char prefix;
            private readonly int number;

            public EmployeeId(string id)
            {
              Contract.Requires<ArgumentNullException>(id != null);

              prefix = (id.ToUpper())[0];
              int numLength = id.Length - 1;
              try
              {
                number = int.Parse(id.Substring(1, numLength > 6 ? 6 : numLength));
              }
              catch (FORMatException)
              {
                throw new Exception("Invalid EmployeeId format");
              }
            }

            public override string ToString()
            {
              return prefix.ToString() + string.Format("{0,6:000000}", number);
            }
            
            //由于没有填满整数取值范围，GetHashCode方法将数字向左移动16位，再与原来的数字进行异或操作，
            //最后将结果乘以16进制数0x15051505。这样，散列代码在整数取值区域上的分布就很均匀。
            public override int GetHashCode()
            {
              return (number ^ number << 16) * 0x15051505;
            }

            public bool Equals(EmployeeId other)
            {
              if (other == null) return false;

              return (prefix == other.prefix && number == other.number);
            }
            //比较两个EmployeeId对象的值
            public override bool Equals(object obj)
            {
              return Equals((EmployeeId)obj);
            }

            public static bool operator ==(EmployeeId left, EmployeeId right)
            {
              return left.Equals(right);
            }

            public static bool operator !=(EmployeeId left, EmployeeId right)
            {
              return !(left == right);
            }
          }
    
          public class Employee
          {
            private string name;
            private decimal salary;
            private readonly EmployeeId id;

            public Employee(EmployeeId id, string name, decimal salary)
            {
              this.id = id;
              this.name = name;
              this.salary = salary;
            }

            public override string ToString()
            {
              return String.Format("{0}: {1, -20} {2:C}",
                    id.ToString(), name, salary);
            }
          }

　　　　static void Main()
        {
            //构造函数指定了31个元素的容量。容量一般是素数。
            //如果指定了一个不是素数的值，Dictionary<TKey,TValue>类会使用指定的整数后面紧接着的一个素数
          var employees = new Dictionary<EmployeeId, Employee>(31);

          var idTony = new EmployeeId("C3755");
          var tony = new Employee(idTony, "Tony Stewart", 379025.00m);
          employees.Add(idTony, tony);
          Console.WriteLine(tony);

          var idCarl = new EmployeeId("F3547");
          var carl = new Employee(idCarl, "Carl Edwards", 403466.00m);
          employees.Add(idCarl, carl);
          Console.WriteLine(carl);

          var idKevin = new EmployeeId("C3386");
          var kevin = new Employee(idKevin, "Kevin Harwick", 415261.00m);
          employees.Add(idKevin, kevin);
          Console.WriteLine(kevin);

          var idMatt = new EmployeeId("F3323");
          var matt = new Employee(idMatt, "Matt Kenseth", 1589390.00m);
          employees[idMatt] = matt;
          Console.WriteLine(matt);

          var idBrad = new EmployeeId("D3234");
          var brad = new Employee(idBrad, "Brad Keselowski", 322295.00m);
          employees[idBrad] = brad;
          Console.WriteLine(brad);
        }

    static void Main()
    {
          var racers = new List<Racer>();
          racers.Add(new Racer(26, "Jacques", "Villeneuve", "Canada", 11));
          racers.Add(new Racer(18, "Alan", "Jones", "Australia", 12));
          racers.Add(new Racer(11, "Jackie", "Stewart", "United Kingdom", 27));
          racers.Add(new Racer(15, "James", "Hunt", "United Kingdom", 10));
          racers.Add(new Racer(5, "Jack", "Brabham", "Australia", 14));
          //国家相同的对象关联到一个键
          var lookupRacers = racers.ToLookup(r => r.Country);

          foreach (Racer r in lookupRacers["Australia"])
          {
            Console.WriteLine(r);
          }
    }

　　Alan Jones
　　Jack Brabham