深入理解Java中观察者模式与委托的对比

public interface Observer {
    public abstract void updateState();
}

public class ConcreteObserver implements Observer{
    //观察者的姓名
    private String name;
    //观察者的状态
    private String observerState;
    //明确具体的通知者
    private ConcreteSubject subject;
   //get set方法省略
    public ConcreteObserver(String name, ConcreteSubject subject) {
        this.name = name;
        this.subject = subject;
    }
    @Override
    public void updateState() {
        observerState=subject.getSubjectState();
        System.out.println(name+"在打游戏");
        String str=String.fORMat("观察者%s的：新状态是%s", name,observerState);
        System.out.println(str);
    }
}

public class ConcreteObserver2 implements Observer{
    //观察者的姓名
    private String name;
    //观察者的状态
    private String observerState;
    //明确具体的通知者
    private ConcreteSubject subject;
   //get set方法省略
    public ConcreteObserver2(String name, ConcreteSubject subject) {
        this.name = name;
        this.subject = subject;
    }
    @Override
    public void updateState() {
        observerState=subject.getSubjectState();
        System.out.println(name+"在看电视");
        String str=String.format("观察者%s：新状态是%s", name,observerState);
        System.out.println(str);
    }
}

public abstract class Subject {
    //管理观察者的集合
    private List<Observer> observers=new ArrayList<>();
    //增加观察者
    public void add(Observer observer){
        observers.add(observer);
    }
    //减少观察者
    public void detach(Observer observer){
        observers.remove(observer);
    }
    
    public void notifyMsg(){
        for (Observer observer : observers) {
            observer.updateState();
        }
    }
}

public class ConcreteSubject extends Subject {
    //通知者的状态
    private String subjectState;
    //get set方法
    public String getSubjectState() {
        return subjectState;
    }
    public void setSubjectState(String subjectState) {
        this.subjectState = subjectState;
    }
}

public class MainTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建一个主题/通知者
        ConcreteSubject subject=new ConcreteSubject();
        //new出观察者（学生）
        ConcreteObserver studentZhang = new ConcreteObserver("小张", subject);
        ConcreteObserver studentLiu = new ConcreteObserver("小刘", subject);
        ConcreteObserver studentWang = new ConcreteObserver("小王", subject);
        //将观察者添加到通知队列里
        subject.add(studentZhang);
        subject.add(studentLiu);
        subject.add(studentWang);
        //通知者（老师）状态修改，通知每个学生
        subject.setSubjectState("老师回来了，我要好好学习");
        subject.notifyMsg();
        System.out.println("-----------");
    }
}

public class PlayingGameListener {
    public PlayingGameListener(){
        System.out.println("我正在玩游戏 开始时间"+new Date());
    }
    public void stopPlayingGame(Date date){
        System.out.println("老师来了，快回到座位上，结束时间"+date);
    }
}

public class WatchingTVListener {
    public WatchingTVListener(){
        System.out.println("我正在看电视 "+new Date());
    }
    public void stopWatchingTV(Date date){
        System.out.println("老师来了，快关闭电视 。 结束时间"+date);
    }
}

public abstract class Notifier {
    //每个通知者都有一个需要通知的队列（通知：对象、方法、参数）
    private EventHandler eventHandler=new EventHandler();
    public EventHandler getEventHandler() {
        return eventHandler;
    }
    public void setEventHandler(EventHandler eventHandler) {
        this.eventHandler = eventHandler;
    }
    //增加需要帮忙放哨的学生
    public abstract void addListener(Object object,String methodName,Object...args);
    //告诉所有要帮忙放哨的学生：老师来了
    public abstract void notifyX();
}

public class GoodNotifier extends Notifier {
    @Override
    public void addListener(Object object, String methodName, Object...args) {
        System.out.println("有新的同学委托尽职尽责的放哨人!");
        this.getEventHandler().addEvent(object, methodName, args);
    }
    @Override
    public void notifyX() {
        System.out.println("尽职尽责的放哨人告诉所有需要帮忙的同学：老师来了");
        try{
            //优化：异步通知
            this.getEventHandler().notifyX();
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

public class Event {
    //要执行方法的对象
    private Object object;
    //要执行的方法名称
    private String methodName;
    //要执行方法的参数
    private Object[] params;
    //要执行方法的参数类型
    private Class[] paramTypes;
    //若干setter getter
    public Object getObject() {
        return object;
    }
    public String getMethodName() {
        return methodName;
    }
    public void setMethodName(String methodName) {
        this.methodName = methodName;
    }
    public Object[] getParams() {
        return params;
    }
    public void setParams(Object[] params) {
        this.params = params;
    }
    public Class[] getParamTypes() {
        return paramTypes;
    }
    public void setParamTypes(Class[] paramTypes) {
        this.paramTypes = paramTypes;
    }
    public Event(){
    }
    public Event(Object object,String methodName,Object...args){
        this.object=object;
        this.methodName=methodName;
        this.params=args;
        contractParamTypes(this.params);
    }
    //根据参数数组生成参数类型数组
    private void contractParamTypes(Object[] params){
        this.paramTypes=new Class[params.length];
        for(int i=0;i<params.length;i++){
            this.paramTypes[i]=params[i].getClass();
        }
    }
    //执行该 对象的该方法
    public void invoke() throws Exception{
        //通过class,method,paramTypes 确定执行哪个类的哪个方法
        Method method=object.getClass().getMethod(this.getMethodName(), this.getParamTypes());
        if(null==method){
            return;
        }
        //方法执行
        method.invoke(this.getObject(), this.getParams());
    }
}

public class EventHandler {
    //是用一个List
    private List<Event> objects;
    //添加某个对象要执行的事件，及需要的参数
    public void addEvent(Object object,String methodName,Object...args){
        objects.add(new Event(object,methodName,args));
    }
    public EventHandler(){
        objects=new ArrayList<Event>();
    }
    //通知所有的对象执行指定的事件
    public void notifyX() throws Exception{
        for(Event e : objects){
            e.invoke();
        }
    }
}

public class EventMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建一个尽职尽责的放哨者
        Notifier goodNotifier = new GoodNotifier();
        //创建一个玩游戏的同学，开始玩游戏
        PlayingGameListener playingGameListener = new PlayingGameListener();
        //创建一个看电视的同学，开始看电视
        WatchingTVListener watchingTVListener = new WatchingTVListener();
        //玩游戏的同学告诉放哨的同学，老师来了告诉一下
        goodNotifier.addListener(playingGameListener, "stopPlayingGame", new Date());
        //看电视的同学告诉放哨的同学，老师来了告诉一下
        goodNotifier.addListener(watchingTVListener, "stopWatchingTV", new Date());
        try {
            //一点时间后
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //老师出现，放哨的人通知所有要帮忙的同学:老师来了
        goodNotifier.notifyX();
    }
}

for (Observer observer : observers) {
        observer.updateState();
}

 Method method=object.getClass().getMethod(this.getMethodName(), this.getParamTypes());
if(null==method){
        return;
}
 method.invoke(this.getObject(), this.getParams());