Ubuntu下搭建与配置Nginx服务

sudo apt install nginx

service nginx start  # 启动nginx
service nginx reload  # 重新加载nginx配置文件

nginx -s reopen            # 重启 Nginx
nginx -s stop              # 停止 Nginx

~$ nginx -v
 nginx version: nginx/1.14.0 (ubuntu)

...              # 全局块。配置影响nginx全局的指令。

events {         # events块。配置影响nginx服务器或与用户的网络连接。
   ...
}

http      # http块。可以嵌套多个server，配置代理，缓存，日志定义等绝大多数功能和第三方模块的配置。
{
    ...   # http全局块
    server        # server块。配置虚拟主机的相关参数，一个http中可以有多个server。 
    { 
        ...       # server全局块
        location [PATTERN]   # location块。配置请求的路由，以及各种页面的处理情况。
        {
            ...
        }
        location [PATTERN] 
        {
            ...
        }
    }
    server
    {
      ...
    }
    ...     # http全局块
}

##
# You should look at the following URL's in order to grasp a solid understanding
# of Nginx configuration files in order to fully unleash the power of Nginx.
# https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/
# https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/tutorials/config_pitfalls/
# https://wiki.debian.org/Nginx/DirectoryStructure
#
# In most cases, administrators will remove this file from sites-enabled/ and
# leave it as reference inside of sites-available where it will continue to be
# updated by the nginx packaging team.
#
# This file will automatically load configuration files provided by other
# applications, such as Drupal or Wordpress. These applications will be made
# available underneath a path with that package name, such as /drupal8.
#
# Please see /usr/share/doc/nginx-doc/examples/ for more detailed examples.
##

# Default server configuration
#
server {
    listen 80 default_server;
    listen [::]:80 default_server;

    # SSL configuration
    #
    # listen 443 ssl default_server;
    # listen [::]:443 ssl default_server;
    #
    # Note: You should disable gzip for SSL traffic.
    # See: https://bugs.debian.org/773332
    #
    # Read up on ssl_ciphers to ensure a secure configuration.
    # See: https://bugs.debian.org/765782
    #
    # Self signed certs generated by the ssl-cert package
    # Don't use them in a production server!
    #
    # include snippets/snakeoil.conf;

    root /var/www/html;

    # Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
    index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

    server_name _;

    location / {
        # First attempt to serve request as file, then
        # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    }

    # pass PHP scripts to FastCGI server
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
    #
    #    # With php-fpm (or other unix Sockets):
    #    fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
    #    # With php-cgi (or other tcp sockets):
    #    fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
    #}

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    #location ~ /\.ht {
    #    deny all;
    #}
}


# Virtual Host configuration for example.com
#
# You can move that to a different file under sites-available/ and symlink that
# to sites-enabled/ to enable it.
#
#server {
#    listen 80;
#    listen [::]:80;
#
#    server_name example.com;
#
#    root /var/www/example.com;
#    index index.html;
#
#    location / {
#        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
#    }
#}

########### 每个指令必须有分号结束。#################
#user administrator administrators;  #配置用户或者组，默认为nobody nobody。
#worker_processes 2;  #允许生成的进程数，默认为1
#pid /nginx/pid/nginx.pid;   #指定nginx进程运行文件存放地址
error_log log/error.log debug;  #制定日志路径，级别。这个设置可以放入全局块，http块，server块，级别以此为：debug|info|notice|warn|error|crit|alert|emerg
events {
    accept_mutex on;   #设置网路连接序列化，防止惊群现象发生，默认为on
    multi_accept on;  #设置一个进程是否同时接受多个网络连接，默认为off
    #use epoll;      #事件驱动模型，select|poll|kqueue|epoll|resig|/dev/poll|eventport
    worker_connections  1024;    #最大连接数，默认为512
}
http {
    include       mime.types;   #文件扩展名与文件类型映射表
    default_type  application/octet-stream; #默认文件类型，默认为text/plain
    #access_log off; #取消服务日志    
    log_fORMat myFormat '$remote_addr–$remote_user [$time_local] $request $status $body_bytes_sent $http_referer $http_user_agent $http_x_forwarded_for'; #自定义格式
    access_log log/access.log myFormat;  #combined为日志格式的默认值
    sendfile on;   #允许sendfile方式传输文件，默认为off，可以在http块，server块，location块。
    sendfile_max_chunk 100k;  #每个进程每次调用传输数量不能大于设定的值，默认为0，即不设上限。
    keepalive_timeout 65;  #连接超时时间，默认为75s，可以在http，server，location块。

    upstream mysvr {   
      server 127.0.0.1:7878;
      server 192.168.10.121:3333 backup;  #热备
    }
    error_page 404 https://www.baidu.com; #错误页
    server {
        keepalive_requests 120; #单连接请求上限次数。
        listen       80;   #监听端口
        server_name  127.0.0.1;   #监听地址       
        location  ~*^.+$ {       #请求的url过滤，正则匹配，~为区分大小写，~*为不区分大小写。
           #root path;  #根目录
           #index vv.txt;  #设置默认页
           proxy_pass  http://mysvr;  #请求转向mysvr 定义的服务器列表
           deny 127.0.0.1;  #拒绝的ip
           allow 172.18.5.54; #允许的ip           
        } 
    }
}

#下面是server虚拟主机的配置段
 server
  {
    listen 80;#监听端口
    server_name localhost;#域名
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /usr/local/webserver/nginx/html;#站点目录
      location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
    {
      #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fastcgi.conf;
    }
    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|ico)$
    {
      expires 30d;
    #access_log off;
    }
    location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
    {
      expires 15d;
     #access_log off;
    }
    access_log off;
  }

root@ubuntu: nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

访问链接是：http://localhost:88/test1/test.php 
网站路径是：/var/www/html

$host：localhost
$server_port：88
$request_uri：<a href="http://localhost:88/test1/test.php" rel="external nofollow"   target="_blank">http:</a>//localhost:88/test1/test.php
$document_uri：/test1/test.php
$document_root：/var/www/html
$request_filename：/var/www/html/test1/test.php

server {
    listen 80; 　　# 端口
    server_name localhost  192.168.1.100; 　　# 域名   
    location / {　　　　　　　　　　　　　# 代表这是项目根目录
        root /usr/share/nginx/www; 　 # 虚拟目录
    }
}

server {
    listen 80;
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://192.168.0.112:8080; 　　# 应用服务器HTTP地址
    }
}

upstream myapp {
    server 192.168.0.111:8080; 　　# 应用服务器1
    server 192.168.0.112:8080; 　　# 应用服务器2
}
server {
    listen 80;
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://myweb;
    }
}

server {
    listen 80 default_server;
    server_name _;
    return 444; 　　# 过滤其他域名的请求，返回444状态码
}
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.aaa.com; 　　# www.aaa.com域名
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://localhost:8080; 　　# 对应端口号8080
    }
}
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.bbb.com; 　　# www.bbb.com域名
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://localhost:8081; 　　# 对应端口号8081
    }
}