java中LinkedList使用迭代器优化移除批量元素原理

2024-04-02 19:04:59 127人浏览安东尼

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摘要

本文主要介绍了java中LinkedList使用迭代器优化移除批量元素原理，分享给大家，具体如下： public interface Iterator<E> {

本文主要介绍了java中LinkedList使用迭代器优化移除批量元素原理，分享给大家，具体如下：


public interface Iterator<E> {
    
    boolean hasNext();
    
    E next();
    
    default void remove() {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("remove");
    }
    
    default void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> action) {
        //requireNonNull 静态方法将会在参数为null时主动抛出NullPointerException 异常。
        Objects.requireNonNull(action);
        while (hasNext())
            action.accept(next());
    }
}


public interface ListIterator<E> extends Iterator<E> {
    
    
    boolean hasNext();
    
    E next();

    
    boolean hasPrevious();

    
    E previous();

    
    int nextIndex();

    
    int previousIndex();

    
    void remove();

    
    void set(E e);

    
    void add(E e);
}

普通版 ArrayListdie迭代器

调用方法：list.iterator();


public Iterator<E> iterator() {
        return new Itr();
    }


    private class Itr implements Iterator<E> {
        int cursor;       // 当前下标
        int lastRet = -1; // 最后一个元素的索引，没有返回1
        int expectedModCount = modCount;//创建迭代器时列表被修改的次数，防止多线程操作。快速失败
        
        public E next() {
            checkForComodification();
            int i = cursor;
            if (i >= size)
                throw new NoSuchElementException();
            Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
            if (i >= elementData.length)
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            cursor = i + 1;
            return (E) elementData[lastRet = i];
        }
        
        public void remove() {
            if (lastRet < 0)
                throw new IllegalStateException();
            checkForComodification();
            try {
                ArrayList.this.remove(lastRet);
                cursor = lastRet;
                lastRet = -1;
                expectedModCount = modCount;
            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            }
        }
        //把剩下为next遍历的所有元素做一个遍历消费
        @Override
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> consumer) {
            Objects.requireNonNull(consumer);
            final int size = ArrayList.this.size;
            int i = cursor;
            if (i >= size) {
                return;
            }
            final Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
            if (i >= elementData.length) {
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            }
            while (i != size && modCount == expectedModCount) {
                consumer.accept((E) elementData[i++]);
            }
            // update once at end of iteration to reduce heap write traffic
            cursor = i;
            lastRet = i - 1;
            checkForComodification();
        }
        //检查是否列表已经被修改了
        final void checkForComodification() {
            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
        }
    }

增强版本 ArrayListdie迭代器

在这里插入图片描述

实现了ListIterator接口，ListIterator接口继承Iterator接口。并且ListItr extends Itr。Itr有的方法其都有。并且增加了

hasPrevious 是否有前驱
nextIndex 下一个索引位置
previousIndex 前驱的索引位置
previous 前驱元素
set 替换最后返回的元素
add 插入一个结点到最后返回的元素之后


private class ListItr extends Itr implements ListIterator<E> {
        ListItr(int index) {
            super();
            cursor = index;
        }
        public boolean hasPrevious() {
            return cursor != 0;
        }
        public int nextIndex() {
            return cursor;
        }
        public int previousIndex() {
            return cursor - 1;
        }
        public E previous() {
            checkForComodification();
            int i = cursor - 1;
            if (i < 0)
                throw new NoSuchElementException();
            Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
            if (i >= elementData.length)
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            cursor = i;
            return (E) elementData[lastRet = i];
        }
        //根据lastRet设置元素
        public void set(E e) {
            if (lastRet < 0)
                throw new IllegalStateException();
            checkForComodification();
            try {
                ArrayList.this.set(lastRet, e);
                expectedModCount = modCount;
            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            }
        }
        public void add(E e) {
            checkForComodification();

            try {
                int i = cursor;
                ArrayList.this.add(i, e);
                cursor = i + 1;
                lastRet = -1;
                expectedModCount = modCount;
            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            }
        }
    }

重点看一下LinkedList的迭代器

调用方法：list.iterator();

在这里插入图片描述

重点看下remove方法


private class ListItr implements ListIterator<E> {
        //返回的节点
        private node<E> lastReturned;
        //下一个节点
        private Node<E> next;
        //下一个节点索引
        private int nextIndex;
        //修改次数
        private int expectedModCount = modCount;

        ListItr(int index) {
            //根据传进来的数字设置next等属性，默认传0
            next = (index == size) ? null : node(index);
            nextIndex = index;
        }
        //直接调用节点的后继指针
        public E next() {
            checkForComodification();
            if (!hasNext())
                throw new NoSuchElementException();
            lastReturned = next;
            next = next.next;
            nextIndex++;
            return lastReturned.item;
        }
        //返回节点的前驱
        public E previous() {
            checkForComodification();
            if (!hasPrevious())
                throw new NoSuchElementException();

            lastReturned = next = (next == null) ? last : next.prev;
            nextIndex--;
            return lastReturned.item;
        }
        
        public void remove() {
            checkForComodification();
            if (lastReturned == null)
                throw new IllegalStateException();

            Node<E> lastNext = lastReturned.next;
            unlink(lastReturned);
            if (next == lastReturned)
                next = lastNext;
            else
                nextIndex--;
            lastReturned = null;
            expectedModCount++;
        }

        public void set(E e) {
            if (lastReturned == null)
                throw new IllegalStateException();
            checkForComodification();
            lastReturned.item = e;
        }

        public void add(E e) {
            checkForComodification();
            lastReturned = null;
            if (next == null)
                linkLast(e);
            else
                linkBefore(e, next);
            nextIndex++;
            expectedModCount++;
        }
    }

LinkedList 源码的remove(int index)的过程是
先逐一移动指针，再找到要移除的Node，最后再修改这个Node前驱后继等移除Node。如果有批量元素要按规则移除的话这么做时间复杂度O（n²）。但是使用迭代器是O（n）。

先看看list.remove（idnex）是怎么处理的

LinkedList是双向链表，这里示意图简单画个单链表
比如要移除链表中偶数元素，先循环调用get方法，指针逐渐后移获得元素，比如获得index = 1；指针后移两次才能获得元素。
当发现元素值为偶数是。使用idnex移除元素，如list.remove(1)；链表先Node node(int index)返回该index下的元素，与get方法一样。然后再做前驱后继的修改。所以在remove之前相当于做了两次get请求。导致时间复杂度是O（n）。

在这里插入图片描述