一篇文章讲透Tomcat的类加载机制

public abstract class ClassLoader {
  //  每个类加载器都有一个父加载器
  private final ClassLoader parent;
  public Class<?> loadClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        return loadClass(name, false);
    }
     protected Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve)
        throws ClassNotFoundException
    {
            // First, check if the class has already been loaded
            Class<?> c = findLoadedClass(name);
           // 如果没有加载过
            if (c == null) {
                if (parent != null) {
                  //  先委托给父加载器去加载，注意这是个递归调用
                 c = parent.loadClass(name, false);
                } else {
                 // 如果父加载器为空，查找 Bootstrap 加载器是不是加载过了
                   c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name);
                }
              
            // 如果父加载器没加载成功，调用自己的 findClass 去加载
                if (c == null) {        
                    c = findClass(name);
                }
            } 
        
            return c;
        }
        
    }
    //ClassLoader 中findClass方式需要被子类覆盖，下面这段代码就是对应代码
      protected Class<?> findClass(String name){
       //1. 根据传入的类名 name，到在特定目录下去寻找类文件，把.class 文件读入内存
          ...
       //2. 调用 defineClass 将字节数组转成 Class 对象
       return defineClass(buf, off, len)；
    }
      // 将字节码数组解析成一个 Class 对象，用 native 方法实现
    protected final Class<?> defineClass(byte[] b, int off, int len){
    
    }
    
}

  public Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        synchronized (getClassLoadingLock(name)) {
            if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                log.debug("loadClass(" + name + ", " + resolve + ")");
            Class<?> clazz = null;
            // Log access to stopped class loader
            checkStateForClassLoading(name);    
            //从当前ClassLoader的本地缓存中加载类，如果找到则返回
            clazz = findLoadedClass0(name);
            if (clazz != null) {
                if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                    log.debug("  Returning class from cache");
                if (resolve)
                    resolveClass(clazz);
                return clazz;
            }
            // 本地缓存没有的情况下，调用ClassLoader的findLoadedClass方法查看jvm是否已经加载过此类，如果已经加载则直接返回。
            clazz = findLoadedClass(name);
            if (clazz != null) {
                if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                    log.debug("  Returning class from cache");
                if (resolve)
                    resolveClass(clazz);
                return clazz;
            }
            String resourceName = binaryNameToPath(name, false);
            //此时的javaseClassLoader是扩展类加载器  是把扩展类加载器赋值给了javaseClassLoader
            ClassLoader javaseLoader = getJavaseClassLoader();
            boolean tryLoadingFromJavaseLoader;
            try {
              .....
            //如果可以用getResource得到
            //如果能用扩展类加载器的getResource得到就证明可以被扩展类加载器加载到接下来安排扩展类加载器加载
            if (tryLoadingFromJavaseLoader) {
                try {
                    //使用扩展类加载器进行加载
                    clazz = javaseLoader.loadClass(name);
                    if (clazz != null) {
                        if (resolve)
                            resolveClass(clazz);
                        return clazz;
                    }
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                    // Ignore
                }
            }
            // (0.5) Permission to access this class when using a SecurityManager
            if (securityManager != null) {
                int i = name.lastIndexOf('.');
                if (i >= 0) {
                    try {
                        securityManager.checkPackageAccess(name.substring(0,i));
                    } catch (SecurityException se) {
                        String error = "Security Violation, attempt to use " +
                            "Restricted Class: " + name;
                        log.info(error, se);
                        throw new ClassNotFoundException(error, se);
                    }
                }
            }
            boolean delegateLoad = delegate || filter(name, true);
            // (1) Delegate to our parent if requested
            //如果是true就是用父类加载器进行加载
            if (delegateLoad) {
                if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                    log.debug("  Delegating to parent classloader1 " + parent);
                try {
                    clazz = Class.forName(name, false, parent);
                    if (clazz != null) {
                        if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                            log.debug("  Loading class from parent");
                        if (resolve)
                            resolveClass(clazz);
                        return clazz;
                    }
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                    // Ignore
                }
            }
            // (2) Search local repositories
            if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                log.debug("  Searching local repositories");
            try {
                // 本地进行加载
                clazz = findClass(name);
                if (clazz != null) {
                    if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                        log.debug("  Loading class from local repository");
                    if (resolve)
                        resolveClass(clazz);
                    return clazz;
                }
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                // Ignore
            }
            // (3) Delegate to parent unconditionally
            //到这里还是没有加载上再次尝试使用父类加载器进行加载
            if (!delegateLoad) {
                    if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                    log.debug("  Delegating to parent classloader at end: " + parent);
                try {
                    clazz = Class.forName(name, false, parent);
                    if (clazz != null) {
                        if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                            log.debug("  Loading class from parent");
                        if (resolve)
                            resolveClass(clazz);
                        return clazz;
                    }
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                    // Ignore
                }
            }
        }
        throw new ClassNotFoundException(name);
    }