C++入门之模板基础讲解

#include <iOStream>
using namespace std;
void Swap(int& a,int& b){
    int t  = a;
    a = b;
    b = t;
}
void Swap(double& a,double& b){
    double t = a;
    a = b;
    b = t;
}
int main()
{
    int a = 10,b = 20;
    double c = 1.2,d = 3.4;
    Swap(a,b);
    Swap(c,d);
    return 0;
}

template<class T1,class T2,...> 
    return_val function_name (para1,para1,...)
{
}

template<class T> 
void Swap (T& a,T& b)
{
    T t = a;
    a = b;
    b = a;
}

int main()
{
    int a = 10,b = 20;
    Swap(a,b);
    return 0;
}

void Swap(int& a,int& b){
    int t  = a;
    a = b;
    b = t;
}

void Swap(int& a,int& b){
    int t  = a;
    a = b;
    b = t;
}
template<class T> 
void Swap (T& a,T& b)
{
    T t = a;
    a = b;
    b = a;
}
int main()
{
    int a = 10,b = 20;
    Swap(a,b);
    return 0;
}

function<Type1,Type2,..>(para1,para1,...);

int a = 10,b = 20;
char c = 'a',d = 'b';
Swap<int>(a,b);  //告诉编译器我传的是int类型
Swap<char>(c,d);  //告诉编译器我传的是char类型

template<class T> 
void Swap (T& a,T& b)
{
    T t = a;
    a = b;
    b = a;
}
int main()
{
    int a = 10;
    double b = 23.22;
    Swap(a,b);         //这样调用编译器就会报错
    return 0;
}

template <class T1,class T2,...>
    class class_name
    {
    };

template <class T>
class Stack
{
public:
    Stack():data(new T*[10]),top(0),capacity(10) {}
    ~Stack() 
    {
        delete[] data; 
        top = capacity = 0;
    }
    void Push(T& a)
    {}
private:
    T* data;
    int top;
    int capacity;
};

Stack <char> st1;      //定义一个存储char类型的栈
Stack <int> st2;       //定义一个存储int类型的栈
Stack <double> st3;    //定义一个存储double类型的栈

template <class T>
class Stack
{
public:
    void Push(T& a);
    bool empty();
private:
    T* data;
    int top;
    int capacity;
};
template <class T> 
void Stack<T>:: Push(T& a)     //需要加上template <class T> ,且在Stack后面加上<T>
{}
template <class T>   
void Stack<T>:: empty()        //需要加上template <class T> ,且在Stack后面加上<T>
{}