SQL数据库语句大全

CREATE DATABASE database-name 

drop database dbname

 USE master
EXEC sp_addumpdevice 'disk', 'testBack', 'c:\mssql7backup\MyNwind_1.dat'

BACKUP DATABASE pubs TO testBack 

create table tabname(col1 type1 [not null] [primary key],col2 type2 [not null],..)

A：create table tab_new like tab_old (使用旧表创建新表)
B：create table tab_new as select col1,col2… from tab_old definition only

drop table tabname 

Alter table tabname add column col type

注：列增加后将不能删除。DB2中列加上后数据类型也不能改变，唯一能改变的是增加varchar类型的长度。

Alter table tabname add primary key(col)

Alter table tabname drop primary key(col)

create [unique] index idxname on tabname(col….)

drop index idxname

注：索引是不可更改的，想更改必须删除重新建。

create view viewname as select statement

drop view viewname

选择：select * from table1 where 范围
插入：insert into table1(field1,field2) values(value1,value2)
删除：delete from table1 where 范围
更新：update table1 set field1=value1 where 范围
查找：select * from table1 where field1 like '%value1%' ---like的语法很精妙，查资料!
排序：select * from table1 order by field1,field2 [desc]
总数：select count as totalcount from table1
求和：select sum(field1) as sumvalue from table1
平均：select avg(field1) as avgvalue from table1
最大：select max(field1) as maxvalue from table1
最小：select min(field1) as minvalue from table1

UNION 运算符通过组合其他两个结果表（例如 TABLE1 和 TABLE2）并消去表中任何重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 UNION一起使用时（即 UNION ALL），不消除重复行。两种情况下，派生表的每一行不是来自 TABLE1 就是来自 TABLE2。 

EXCEPT 运算符通过包括所有在 TABLE1 中但不在 TABLE2 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 EXCEPT 一起使用时 (EXCEPT ALL)，不消除重复行。

INTERSECT 运算符通过只包括 TABLE1 和 TABLE2 中都有的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 INTERSECT 一起使用时 (INTERSECT ALL)，不消除重复行。 

SQL: select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c

sp_renamedb 'old_name', 'new_name'

insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b;

insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b in ‘具体数据库' where 条件

select a,b,c from a where a IN (select d from b ) 或者: select a,b,c from a where a IN (1,2,3)

select a.title,a.username,b.aDDDate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b

select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c

select * from (SELECT a,b,c FROM a) T where t.a > 1;

select * from table1 where time between time1 and time2
select a,b,c, from table1 where a not between 数值1 and 数值2

select * from table1 where a [not] in (‘值1','值2','值4','值6')

delete from table1 where not exists ( select * from table2 where table1.field1=table2.field1 )

select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where .....

SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff('minute',f开始时间,getdate())>5

select top 10 b.* from (select top 20 主键字段,排序字段 from 表名 order by 排序字段 desc) a,表名 b where b.主键字段 = a.主键字段 order by a.排序字段

declare @start int,@end int

@sql nvarchar(600)

set @sql='select top'+str(@end-@start+1)+'+from T where rid not in(select top'+str(@str-1)+'Rid from T where Rid>-1)'

exec sp_executesql @sql

select top 10 * fORM table1 where 范围

select a,b,c from tablename ta where a=(select max(a) from tablename tb where tb.b=ta.b)

(select a from tableA ) except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC)

select top 10 * from tablename order by newid()

select newid()

1),delete from tablename where id not in (select max(id) from tablename group by col1,col2,...)

2),select distinct * into temp from tablename
delete from tablename
insert into tablename select * from temp

评价： 这种操作牵连大量的数据的移动，这种做法不适合大容量的数据操作


3),例如：在一个外部表中导入数据，由于某些原因第一次只导入了一部分，但很难判断具体位置，这样只有在下一次全部导入，这样也就产生好多重复的字段，怎样删除重复字段

alter table tablename
--添加一个自增列
add column_b int identity(1,1)
delete from tablename where column_b not in(
select max(column_b) from tablename group by column1,column2,...)
alter table tablename drop column column_b

select name from sysobjects where type='U' // U代表用户

select name from syscolumns where id=object_id('TableName')

select type,sum(case vender when 'A' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'C' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'B' then pcs else 0 end) FROM tablename group by type

TRUNCATE TABLE table1

select top 5 * from (select top 15 * from table order by id asc) table_别名 order by id desc

if @strWhere !='' 
    begin
    set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + '] where ' + @strWhere 
    end
else 
    begin
    set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + ']' 
    end

set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + '] where 1=1 and '+ @strWhere

--重建索引
    DBCC REINDEX
    DBCC INDEXDEFRAG
--收缩数据和日志
    DBCC SHRINKDB
    DBCC SHRINKFILE

dbcc shrinkdatabase(dbname)

exec sp_change_users_login 'update_one','newname','oldname'
Go

RESTORE VERIFYONLY from disk='E:\dvbbs.bak'

ALTER DATABASE [dvbbs] SET SINGLE_USER
GO
DBCC CHECKDB('dvbbs',repair_allow_data_loss) WITH TABLOCK
GO
ALTER DATABASE [dvbbs] SET MULTI_USER
GO

SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @LogicalFileName sysname,
@MaxMinutes INT,
@NewSize INT

USE tablename -- 要操作的数据库名
SELECT  @LogicalFileName = 'tablename_log', -- 日志文件名
@MaxMinutes = 10, -- Limit on time allowed to wrap log.
@NewSize = 1  -- 你想设定的日志文件的大小(M)
Setup / initialize
DECLARE @OriginalSize int
SELECT @OriginalSize = size 
FROM sysfiles
WHERE name = @LogicalFileName
SELECT 'Original Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' + 
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),@OriginalSize) + ' 8K pages or ' + 
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(@OriginalSize*8/1024)) + 'MB'
FROM sysfiles
WHERE name = @LogicalFileName
CREATE TABLE DummyTrans
(DummyColumn char (8000) not null)

DECLARE @Counter    INT,
@StartTime DATETIME,
@TruncLog   VARCHAR(255)
SELECT @StartTime = GETDATE(),
    @TruncLog = 'BACKUP LOG ' + db_name() + ' WITH TRUNCATE_ONLY'
DBCC SHRINKFILE (@LogicalFileName, @NewSize)
EXEC (@TruncLog)
-- Wrap the log if necessary.
    WHILE @MaxMinutes > DATEDIFF (mi, @StartTime, GETDATE()) -- time has not expired
AND @OriginalSize = (SELECT size FROM sysfiles WHERE name = @LogicalFileName)  
AND (@OriginalSize * 8 /1024) > @NewSize  
BEGIN -- Outer loop.
SELECT @Counter = 0
WHILE   ((@Counter < @OriginalSize / 16) AND (@Counter < 50000))
BEGIN -- update
INSERT DummyTrans VALUES ('Fill Log') DELETE DummyTrans
SELECT @Counter = @Counter + 1
END
EXEC (@TruncLog)  
END
SELECT 'Final Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' +
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),size) + ' 8K pages or ' + 
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(size*8/1024)) + 'MB'
FROM sysfiles 
WHERE name = @LogicalFileName
DROP TABLE DummyTrans
SET NOCOUNT OFF

exec sp_changeobjectowner 'tablename','dbo'

CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.User_ChangeObjectOwnerBatch
@OldOwner as NVARCHAR(128),
@NewOwner as NVARCHAR(128)
AS
DECLARE @Name    as NVARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @Owner   as NVARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @OwnerName   as NVARCHAR(128)
DECLARE curObject CURSOR FOR 
select 'Name'    = name,
    'Owner'    = user_name(uid)
from sysobjects
where user_name(uid)=@OldOwner
order by name
OPEN   curObject
FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner
WHILE(@@FETCH_STATUS=0)
BEGIN     
if @Owner=@OldOwner 
begin
    set @OwnerName = @OldOwner + '.' + rtrim(@Name)
    exec sp_changeobjectowner @OwnerName, @NewOwner
end
-- select @name,@NewOwner,@OldOwner
FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner
END
close curObject
deallocate curObject
GO

declare @i int
set @i=1
while @i<30
begin
insert into test (userid) values(@i)
set @i=@i+1
end

while((select min(score) from tb_table)<60)

    begin

        update tb_table set score =score*1.01

        where score<60

            if (select min(score) from tb_table)>60

                break

            else

                continue

    end

Select * From TableName Order By CustomerName Collate Chinese_PRC_Stroke_ci_as //从少到多

select encrypt('原始密码')
select pwdencrypt('原始密码')
select pwdcompare('原始密码','加密后密码') = 1--相同；否则不相同 encrypt('原始密码')
select pwdencrypt('原始密码')
select pwdcompare('原始密码','加密后密码') = 1--相同；否则不相同

declare @list varchar(1000),
@sql nvarchar(1000)
select @list=@list+','+b.name from sysobjects a,syscolumns b where a.id=b.id and a.name='表A'
set @sql='select '+right(@list,len(@list)-1)+' from 表A'
exec (@sql)

EXEC master..xp_fixeddrives

if (select checksum_agg(binary_checksum(*)) from A)
    =
   (select checksum_agg(binary_checksum(*)) from B)
    print '相等'
else
    print '不相等'

DECLARE hcforeach CURSOR GLOBAL FOR SELECT 'kill '+RTRIM(spid) FROM master.dbo.sysprocesses
WHERE program_name IN('SQL profiler',N'SQL 事件探查器')
EXEC sp_msforeach_worker '?'

 Select Top N * From 表

Select Top M-N * From 表 Where ID in (Select Top M ID From 表) Order by ID   Desc

Select Top N * From 表 Order by ID Desc

select Name from sysobjects where xtype='u' and status>=0

select name from syscolumns where id=object_id('表名')
select name from syscolumns where id in (select id from sysobjects where type = 'u' and name = '表名')

select a.* from sysobjects a, syscomments b where a.id = b.id and b.text like '%表名%'

select name as 存储过程名称 from sysobjects where xtype='P'

select * from master..sysdatabases D where sid not in(select sid from master..syslogins where name='sa')
或者
select dbid, name AS DB_NAME from master..sysdatabases where sid <> 0x01

select column_name,data_type from information_schema.columns
where table_name = '表名'

--创建链接服务器
    exec sp_addlinkedserver 'ITSV ', ' ', 'SQLOLEDB ', '远程服务器名或ip地址 '
    exec sp_addlinkedsrvlogin 'ITSV ', 'false ',null, '用户名 ', '密码 '
--查询示例
    select * from ITSV.数据库名.dbo.表名
--导入示例
    select * into 表 from ITSV.数据库名.dbo.表名
--以后不再使用时删除链接服务器
    exec sp_dropserver 'ITSV ', 'droplogins '
--连接远程/局域网数据(openrowset/openquery/opendatasource)
    --1、openrowset
        --查询示例
            select * from openrowset( 'SQLOLEDB ', 'sql服务器名 '; '用户名 '; '密码 ',数据库名.dbo.表名)
        --生成本地表
            select * into 表 from openrowset( 'SQLOLEDB ', 'sql服务器名 '; '用户名 '; '密码 ',数据库名.dbo.表名)
        --把本地表导入远程表
            insert openrowset( 'SQLOLEDB ', 'sql服务器名 '; '用户名 '; '密码 ',数据库名.dbo.表名)
            select *from 本地表
        --更新本地表
            update b
            set b.列A=a.列A
            from openrowset( 'SQLOLEDB ', 'sql服务器名 '; '用户名 '; '密码 ',数据库名.dbo.表名)as a inner join 本地表 b
            on a.column1=b.column1
    --openquery用法需要创建一个连接
        --首先创建一个连接创建链接服务器
            exec sp_addlinkedserver 'ITSV ', ' ', 'SQLOLEDB ', '远程服务器名或ip地址 '
        --查询
            select *
            FROM openquery(ITSV, 'SELECT * FROM 数据库.dbo.表名 ')
        --把本地表导入远程表
            insert openquery(ITSV, 'SELECT * FROM 数据库.dbo.表名 ')
            select * from 本地表
        --更新本地表
            update b
            set b.列B=a.列B
            FROM openquery(ITSV, 'SELECT * FROM 数据库.dbo.表名 ') as a
            inner join 本地表 b on a.列A=b.列A
    --3、opendatasource/openrowset
        SELECT *
        FROM opendatasource( 'SQLOLEDB ', 'Data Source=ip/ServerName;User ID=登陆名;PassWord=密码 ' ).test.dbo.roy_ta
        --把本地表导入远程表
            insert opendatasource( 'SQLOLEDB ', 'Data Source=ip/ServerName;User ID=登陆名;Password=密码 ').数据库.dbo.表名
            select * from 本地表