如何在Pycharm中制作自己的爬虫代码模板

#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-
# @Author  : lhys
# @FileName: proxy_tool.py

import requests
import threading

timeout = 300
lock = threading.Lock()

# 请求头用自己的
headers = {
    '': ''
}

class MyProxy:

    def __init__(self, proxy_api='', proxy_server='', max_use=5000, try_count=5):

        if not (proxy_api or proxy_server):
            raise TypeError('Proxy_api and proxy_server cannot be empty at the same time.')

        self.proxies = None if not proxy_server else {
            'Http': proxy_server,
            'https': proxy_server
        }
        # 代理API
        self.proxy_api = proxy_api
        # 代理 IP 最大使用次数
        self.max_use = max_use
        # 测试代理 IP 次数，超过次数即认为代理 IP 不可用
        self.try_count = try_count
        # 是否爬虫请求出错，如果出错，直接更换 IP
        self.flag = 0
        # 代理 IP 剩余生存时间
        self.proxy_ttl = 0
        # 各种锁
        self.lock = threading.Lock()
        self.ttl_lock = threading.Lock()
        self.flag_lock = threading.Lock()
    
    def set_flag(self):
        self.flag_lock.acquire()
        self.flag = 1
        self.flag_lock.release()

    def get_flag(self):
        self.flag_lock.acquire()
        flag = self.flag
        self.flag_lock.release()
        return flag

    def decrease_ttl(self):
        self.ttl_lock.acquire()
        self.proxy_ttl -= 1
        self.ttl_lock.release()

    def get_ttl(self):
        self.ttl_lock.acquire()
        ttl = self.proxy_ttl
        self.ttl_lock.release()
        return ttl

    def set_ttl(self):
        self.ttl_lock.acquire()
        self.proxy_ttl = self.max_use
        self.ttl_lock.release()

    def get_proxy(self):
        self.lock.acquire()
        proxy = self.proxies
        self.lock.release()
        return proxy

    def set_proxy(self):

        if self.proxy_ttl > 0 and self.flag == 0:
            return

        old = self.proxies

        if self.flag == 1:

            for try_count in range(self.try_count):

                try:
                    requests.get('https://www.baidu.com', headers=headers, proxies=old, timeout=timeout)
                    print(f'Test proxy {old} successfully.')
                    return

                except requests.exceptions.ProxyError or requests.exceptions.ConnectionError or requests.exceptions.ConnectTimeout:
                    print(f'Test proxy {old} failed.')
                    break

                except Exception as e:
                    print(e)

        if not self.proxy_api:
            raise ValueError('代理 IP 不可用，且代理 IP API未设置。')

        while True:

            res = requests.get(self.proxy_api)

            # 这一部分按照自己的代理 IP 文档来，仅供参考
            try:

                if res.JSON()["ERRORCODE"] == "0":

                    ip, port = res.json()["RESULT"][0]['ip'], res.json()["RESULT"][0]['port']

                    self.lock.acquire()

                    self.proxies = {
                        'http': 'http://%s:%s' % (ip, port),
                        'https': 'http://%s:%s' % (ip, port)
                    }

                    print(f'Set proxy: {ip}:{port}.')

                    self.flag = 0

                    self.lock.release()

                    self.set_ttl()

                    return

                else:
                    print(f'Set proxy failed.')

            except Exception as e:
                print(e)

Proxy = MyProxy()

def request_by_proxy(url, use_proxy=True):

    while True:

        try:
            # 使用代理
            if use_proxy:
            
                proxy_ttl = Proxy.get_ttl()
                print(proxy_ttl)
                
                # 如果 超过最大使用次数 或者 请求出现错误，重新设置 IP
                if proxy_ttl <= 0 or Proxy.get_flag():
                    Proxy.set_proxy()

                print(Proxy.get_ttl())

                proxy = Proxy.get_proxy()

                lock.acquire()
                res = requests.get(url, headers=headers, proxies=proxy, timeout=timeout)
                lock.release()

                Proxy.decrease_ttl()

                return res

            else:

                res = requests.get(url, headers=headers, timeout=timeout)

                return res

        except requests.exceptions.ProxyError as pe:
            if use_proxy:
                lock.release()
            print(f'Proxy {Proxy.proxies} is not available, reason: {pe}.')
            Proxy.set_flag()

        except requests.exceptions.Timeout as t:
            if use_proxy:
                lock.release()
            print(f'Time out, reason: {t}.')
            Proxy.set_flag()

        except Exception as e:
            if use_proxy:
                lock.release()
            print(e)

#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-
# @Author  : lhys
# @FileName: spider.py

import time
import threading
from multiprocessing import Queue
from proxy_tool import request_by_proxy

threshold = 30
queue = Queue()

class Spider(threading.Thread):

    def __init__(self, use_proxy=True):
        super(Spider, self).__init__()
        self.use_proxy = use_proxy

    def get_data(self, url):

        try:

            res = request_by_proxy(url, self.use_proxy)
            
            # 响应处理
            pass

        except Exception as e:

            print(e)

        return

    def run(self):

        while True:

            # 如果队列空了，等待一会儿。
            # 过了指定的时间后，如果队列出现数据，就继续爬
            # 如果队列还是空的，停止线程

            if queue.empty():
                time.sleep(threshold)

            if not queue.empty():
                url = queue.get()
                self.get_data(url)
                time.sleep(threshold)

            else:
                print('Queue is empty.')
                return