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目录python 操作 XML读取XML文件遍历XML元素查找XML元素添加XML元素修改XML元素Python 操作 XML 读取XML文件 关于XML的介绍 <data&g
关于XML的介绍
<data> 与 </data> 是一对标签的开始与结束
<property … /> 也是一个正确的标签，以 /> 结尾，是在标签没有嵌套内容时的简写形式
name=“cat”，name是<data>标签的一个属性，cat是name属性的值
description here …是<data>标签的内容，这里是一段文本。当然也可以是xml的嵌套
<data name="cat" num="10"> description here ... </data>
<property value="node" />
<country name="china">
<province name="beijing">
<school name="the sunshine school" />
</province>
</country>
准备一个demo.xml文件
<data>
<teacher name="Albert">
<birthday>1980</birthday>
<gender>male</gender>
<subject>Math</subject>
</teacher>
<student name="Becky">
<birthday>2000</birthday>
<gender>female</gender>
<hobbies>
<hobby>skating</hobby>
<hobby>rocks</hobby>
</hobbies>
<exam absence="no">
<math>90</math>
<english>90</english>
<music>95</music>
</exam>
</student>
<student name="Cindy">
<birthday>2001</birthday>
<gender>female</gender>
<hobbies>
<hobby>reading</hobby>
<hobby>guitar</hobby>
</hobbies>
<exam absence="yes">
</exam>
</student>
<student name="Duke">
<birthday>2000</birthday>
<gender>male</gender>
<hobbies>
<hobby>football</hobby>
<hobby>surfing</hobby>
</hobbies>
<exam absence="no">
<math>100</math>
<english>80</english>
<music>92</music>
</exam>
</student>
</data>读取xml文件内容
# Read the .xml file
tree = ET.parse("demo.xml")
root = tree.getroot()
print(root)结果
<Element 'data' at 0x102d80cf8>
for … in … 可以遍历当前元素的所有直接子节点
for n in root:
# items() returns all <key, value> pairs of the tag
print(n, n.tag , n.attrib, n.items())
结果
(<Element 'teacher' at 0x1048b9e48>, 'teacher', {'name': 'Albert'}, [('name', 'Albert')])
(<Element 'student' at 0x1048bf0f0>, 'student', {'name': 'Becky'}, [('name', 'Becky')])
(<Element 'student' at 0x1048bf3c8>, 'student', {'name': 'Cindy'}, [('name', 'Cindy')])
(<Element 'student' at 0x1048bf5f8>, 'student', {'name': 'Duke'}, [('name', 'Duke')])
想要迭代遍历当前元素的所有子节点（包括子孙节点）
for n in root.iter():
print(n, n.tag)
结果
(<Element 'data' at 0x1052f0cf8>, 'data')
(<Element 'teacher' at 0x1052f0e48>, 'teacher')
(<Element 'birthday' at 0x1052f0d30>, 'birthday')
(<Element 'gender' at 0x1052f6080>, 'gender')
(<Element 'subject' at 0x1052f60b8>, 'subject')
(<Element 'student' at 0x1052f60f0>, 'student')
(<Element 'birthday' at 0x1052f6048>, 'birthday')
(<Element 'gender' at 0x1052f6128>, 'gender')
(<Element 'hobbies' at 0x1052f6198>, 'hobbies')
(<Element 'hobby' at 0x1052f6208>, 'hobby')
(<Element 'hobby' at 0x1052f6240>, 'hobby')
(<Element 'exam' at 0x1052f62b0>, 'exam')
(<Element 'math' at 0x1052f6320>, 'math')
(<Element 'english' at 0x1052f6390>, 'english')
(<Element 'music' at 0x1052f6400>, 'music')
(<Element 'student' at 0x1052f63c8>, 'student')
(<Element 'birthday' at 0x1052f6438>, 'birthday')
(<Element 'gender' at 0x1052f6470>, 'gender')
(<Element 'hobbies' at 0x1052f64a8>, 'hobbies')
(<Element 'hobby' at 0x1052f6518>, 'hobby')
(<Element 'hobby' at 0x1052f6588>, 'hobby')
(<Element 'exam' at 0x1052f65c0>, 'exam')
(<Element 'student' at 0x1052f65f8>, 'student')
(<Element 'birthday' at 0x1052f6630>, 'birthday')
(<Element 'gender' at 0x1052f6668>, 'gender')
(<Element 'hobbies' at 0x1052f66a0>, 'hobbies')
(<Element 'hobby' at 0x1052f6710>, 'hobby')
(<Element 'hobby' at 0x1052f6780>, 'hobby')
(<Element 'exam' at 0x1052f67b8>, 'exam')
(<Element 'math' at 0x1052f6828>, 'math')
(<Element 'english' at 0x1052f6898>, 'english')
(<Element 'music' at 0x1052f6908>, 'music')
想要选择性地迭代直接子节点
for n in root.iter('teacher'):
print(n, n.tag)
(<Element 'teacher' at 0x100f29e48>, 'teacher')
find与findall查找xml元素
# find the first element
print(root.find('student'))
# find all elements
print(root.findall('student'))
<Element 'student' at 0x1034300f0>
[<Element 'student' at 0x1034300f0>, <Element 'student' at 0x1034303c8>, <Element 'student' at 0x1034305f8>]
demo
for n in root:
if n.tag == 'student' and n.get('name') == 'Becky':
exam_node = n.find('exam')
for subject in exam_node:
print(subject.tag + " " + subject.text)
结果
math 90
english 90
music 95
p = ET.Element(tag_name)
demo
for n in root:
if n.tag == 'student' and n.get('name') == 'Cindy':
exam_node = n.find('exam')
exam_node.set("absence", "no")
for subject in ['math', 'music']:
p = ET.Element(subject)
p.text = '90'
exam_node.append(p)
if os.path.exists('new.xml'):
os.remove('new.xml')
tree.write('new.xml', encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True)
结果
<student name="Cindy">
<birthday>2001</birthday>
<gender>female</gender>
<hobbies>
<hobby>reading</hobby>
<hobby>guitar</hobby>
</hobbies>
<exam absence="no">
<math>90</math><music>90</music></exam>
</student>
demo
for n in root:
if n.tag == 'student' and n.get('name') == 'Cindy':
exam_node = n.find('exam')
exam_node.set("absence", "no")
exam_node.set("date", "2022-11-11")
for subject in ['math', 'music']:
p = ET.Element(subject)
p.text = '90'
exam_node.append(p)
hobbies_node = n.find('hobbies').findall("hobby")
hobbies_node[0].text = 'piano'
p = ET.Element("hobby")
p.set("old_hobby", 'yes')
p.text = 'reading'
n.find('hobbies').remove(hobbies_node[1])
n.find('hobbies').append(p)
结果
<student name="Cindy">
<birthday>2001</birthday>
<gender>female</gender>
<hobbies>
<hobby>piano</hobby>
<hobby old_hobby="yes">reading</hobby></hobbies>
<exam absence="no" date="2022-11-11">
<math>90</math><music>90</music></exam>
</student>
到此这篇关于Python对XML文件实现增删改查操作的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Python XML增删改查内容请搜索编程网以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持编程网！
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本文标题: Python对XML文件实现增删改查操作
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