问题描述:在linux shell中如何处理tail -n 10 access.log这样的命令行选项?在bash中,可以用以下三种方式来处理命令行参数,每种方式都有自己的应用场景。1,直接处理,依次对$1
* $0 :即命令本身,相当于C/C++中的argv[0]
* $1 :第一个参数.
* $2, $3, $4 ... :第2、3、4个参数,依次类推。
* $# 参数的个数,不包括命令本身
* $@ :参数本身的列表,也不包括命令本身
* $* :和$@相同,但"$*" 和 "$@"(加引号)并不同,"$*"将所有的参数解释成一个字符串,而"$@"是一个参数数组。
#!/bin/bash
if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
echo "error.. need args"
exit 1
fi
echo "commond is $0"
echo "args are:"
for arg in "$@"
do
echo $arg
done
./getargs.sh 11 22 cc
commond is ./getargs.sh
args are:
11
22
cc
[root@jbxue ~]$ type getopt
getopt is /usr/bin/getopt
[root@jbxue ~]$ type getopts
getopts is a shell builtin
echo $*
while getopts ":a:bc" opt
do
case $opt in
a ) echo $optarg
echo $optind;;
b ) echo "b $optind";;
c ) echo "c $optind";;
? ) echo "error"
exit 1;;
esac
done
echo $optind
shift $(($optind - 1))
#通过shift $(($optind - 1))的处理,$*中就只保留了除去选项内容的参数,可以在其后进行正常的shell编程处理了。
echo $0
echo $*
./getopts.sh -a 11 -b -c
-a 11 -b -c
11
3
b 4
c 5
5
./getopts.sh
#!/bin/bash
# a small example program for using the new getopt(1) program.
# this program will only work with bash(1)
# an similar program using the tcsh(1) script. language can be found
# as parse.tcsh
# example input and output (from the bash prompt):
# ./parse.bash -a par1 'another arg' --c-long 'wow!*?' -cmore -b " very long "
# option a
# option c, no argument
# option c, argument `more'
# option b, argument ` very long '
# remaining arguments:
# --> `par1'
# --> `another arg'
# --> `wow!*?'
# note that we use `"$@"' to let each command-line parameter expand to a
# separate Word. the quotes around `$@' are essential!
# we need temp as the `eval set --' would nuke the return value of getopt.
#-o表示短选项,两个冒号表示该选项有一个可选参数,可选参数必须紧贴选项
#如-carg 而不能是-c arg
#--long表示长选项
#"$@"在上面解释过
# -n:出错时的信息
# -- :举一个例子比较好理解:
#我们要创建一个名字为 "-f"的目录你会怎么办?
# mkdir -f #不成功,因为-f会被mkdir当作选项来解析,这时就可以使用
# mkdir -- -f 这样-f就不会被作为选项。
temp=`getopt -o ab:c:: --long a-long,b-long:,c-long::
-n 'example.bash' -- "$@"`
if [ $? != 0 ] ; then echo "terminating..." >&2 ; exit 1 ; fi
# note the quotes around `$temp': they are essential!
#set 会重新排列参数的顺序,也就是改变$1,$2...$n的值,这些值在getopt中重新排列过了
eval set -- "$temp"
#经过getopt的处理,下面处理具体选项。
while true ; do
case "$1" in
-a|--a-long) echo "option a" ; shift ;;
-b|--b-long) echo "option b, argument `$2'" ; shift 2 ;;
-c|--c-long)
# c has an optional argument. as we are in quoted mode,
# an empty parameter will be generated if its optional
# argument is not found.
case "$2" in
"") echo "option c, no argument"; shift 2 ;;
*) echo "option c, argument `$2'" ; shift 2 ;;
esac ;;
--) shift ; break ;;
*) echo "internal error!" ; exit 1 ;;
esac
done
echo "remaining arguments:"
for arg do
echo '--> '"`$arg'" ;
done
./getopt.sh --b-long abc -a -c33 remain
option b, argument `abc'
option a
option c, argument `33'
remaining arguments:
--> `remain'
--结束END--
本文标题: linux shell命令行选项与参数用法详解
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