python类(class)

类(Class): 用来描述具有相同的属性和方法的对象的集合。它定义了该集合中每个对象所共有的属性和方法。对象是类的实例,把所有相似的功能都封装到一个类里，最理想的情况是一个程序只有一个主程序，然后在程序里实例化类

练习代码如下:

# coding: utf-8
__author__ = 'www.py3study.com'
import os
import platfORM
import itertools
import time

class makepassowrd(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.rawlist = []
        self.denylist = ['', ' ', '@']
        self.pwlist = []
        self.minlen = 6
        self.maxlen = 16
        self.timeout = 3
        self.flag = 0
        self.run = {
            '0': exit,
            '1': self.getrawlist,
            '2': self.aDDDenylist,
            '3': self.clearrawlist,
            '4': self.setrawlist,
            '5': self.modifypassWordlen,
            '6': self.createpasswordlist,
            '7': self.showpassword,
            '8': self.createpasswordfile
        }
        self.main()

    def main(self):
        while True:
            self.mainMenu()
            op = input(u'输入选项:')
            if op in map(str, range(len(self.run))):
                self.run.get(op)()
            else:
                self.tipMainMenuInputError()
                continue

    def mainMenu(self):
        self.clear()
        print(u'||')
        print(u'='*40)
        print(u'||')
        print(u'|| 0:退出程序')
        print(u'|| 1:输入密码原始字符')
        print(u'|| 2:添加非法字符到列表')
        print(u'|| 3:清空原始密码列表')
        print(u'|| 4:整理原始密码列表')
        print(u'|| 5:改变默认密码长度({}-{})'.format(self.minlen, self.maxlen))
        print(u'|| 6:创建密码列表')
        print(u'|| 7:显示所有密码')
        print(u'|| 8:创建字典文件')
        print(u'||')
        print(u'=' * 40)
        print(u'||')
        print(u'当前非法字符为: {}'.format(self.denylist))
        print(u'当前原始密码元素为: {}'.format(self.rawlist))
        print(u'共有密码{}个'.format(len(self.pwlist)))
        if self.flag:
            print(u'已在当前目录创建密码文件dict.txt')
        else:
            print(u'尚未创建密码文件')

    def clear(self):
        OS = platform.system()
        if (OS == u'windows'):
            os.system('cls')
        else:
            os.system('clear')

    def tipMainMenuInputError(self):
        self.clear()
        print(u'只能输入0-7的整数，等待{}秒后重新输入'.format(self.timeout))
        time.sleep(self.timeout)

    def getrawlist(self):
        self.clear()
        print(u'输入回车后直接退出')
        print(u'当前原始密码列表为:{}'.format(self.rawlist))
        st = None
        while not st == '':
            st = input("请输入密码元素字符串:")
            if st in self.denylist:
                print(u'这个字符串是预先设定的非法字符串')
                continue
            else:
                self.rawlist.append(st)
                self.clear()
                print(u'输入回车后直接退出')
                print(u'当前原始密码列表为:{}'.format(self.rawlist))

    def adddenylist(self):
        self.clear()
        print(u'输入回车后直接退出')
        print(u'当前非法字符为:{}'.format(self.denylist))
        st = None
        while not st == '':
            st = input(u'请输入需要添加的非法字符串:')
            self.denylist.append(st)
            self.clear()
            print(u'输入回车后直接退出')
            print(u'当前非法字符串为:{}'.format(self.denylist))

    def clearrawlist(self):
        self.rawlist = []

    def setrawlist(self):
        a = set(self.rawlist)
        b = set(self.denylist)
        self.rawlist = []
        for str in set(a - b):
            self.rawlist.append(str)

    def modifypasswordlen(self):
        self.clear()
        while True:
            print(u'当前密码长度为{}-{}'.format(self.minlen, self.maxlen))
            min = input('请输入密码最小长度:')
            max = input('请输入密码最大长度:')
            try:
                self.minlen = int(min)
                self.maxlen = int(max)
            except ValueError:
                print('密码长度只能输入数字[6-18]')
                break
            if self.minlen not in range(6,19) or self.maxlen not in range(6,19):
                print('密码长度只能输入数字[6-18]')
                self.minlen = 6
                self.maxlen = 16
                continue
            if self.minlen == self.maxlen:
                res = input(u'确定将密码长度设定为{}吗？(Yy/Nn):'.format(self.minlen))
                if res not in list('YyNn'):
                    print(u'输入错误，请重新输入')
                    continue
                elif res in list('Yy'):
                    print(u'好吧，你确定就好')
                    break
                else:
                    print(u'给个机会改一下吧')
                    continue
            elif self.minlen > self.maxlen:
                print(u'最小长度比最大长度还大，可能吗?请重新输入')
                self.minlen = 6
                self.maxlen = 16
                continue
            else:
                print(u'设置完毕，等待{}秒后回主菜单'.format(self.timeout))
                time.sleep(self.timeout)
                break

    def createpasswordlist(self):
        titlelist = []
        swapcaselist = []
        for st in self.rawlist:
            swapcaselist.append(st.swapcase())
            titlelist.append(st.title())
        sub1 = []
        sub2 = []
        for st in set(self.rawlist + titlelist + swapcaselist):
            sub1.append(st)
        for i in range(2, len(sub1) + 1):
            sub2 += list(itertools.permutations(sub1, i))
        for tup in sub2:
            PW = ''
            for subPW in tup:
                PW += subPW
            if len(PW) in range(self.minlen, self.maxlen + 1):
                self.pwlist.append(PW)
            else:
                pass

    def showpassword(self):
        for i in range(len(self.pwlist)):
            if i % 4 == 0:
                print("%s\n" % self.pwlist[i])
            else:
                print("%s\t" % self.pwlist[i])
        print('\n')
        print(u'等待{}秒，回到主菜单'.format(self.timeout))
        time.sleep(self.timeout)

    def createpasswordfile(self):
        print(u'当前目录下创建字典文件:dict.txt')
        time.sleep(self.timeout)
        with open('dict.txt', 'w+') as fp:
            for pw in self.pwlist:
                fp.write(pw)
                fp.write('\n')
        self.flag = 1

if __name__ == '__main__':
    mp = makepassowrd()

应该看到的结果