web.xml SpringBoot打包可执行Jar运行SpringMVC加载流程

<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring/application-context.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>

// 在所有的servlet和filter初始化之前被调用
default public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
}
// 在所有的servlet和filter销毁之后被调用
default public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
}

@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
   initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
}

...
if (this.context == null) {
    // 创建ApplicationContext
    this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
}
...
// 刷新ApplicationContext
configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);
...
// 将当前ApplicationContext添加到ServletContext的属性中，后面有用再说
// String ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE = WebApplicationContext.class.getName() + ".ROOT";
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);
...

String contextClassName = servletContext.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM);

<context-param>
    <param-name>contextClass</param-name>
    <param-value>com.xxx.XxxContext</param-value>
</context-param>

org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext=org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext

protected void configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac,ServletContext sc) {
    // ...
    // 获取web.xml中配置的contextConfigLocation参数
    String configLocationParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM);
    if (configLocationParam != null) {
        wac.setConfigLocation(configLocationParam);
    }
    // ...
    // 刷新上下文
    wac.refresh();
}

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
       <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
       <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring/dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

<beans xmlns="Http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd">
    <!-- 扫描控制器和其他组件 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.example.controller" />
    <!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>
    <!-- 启用Spring MVC注解支持 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
</beans>

public final void init() throws ServletException {
   // Set bean properties from init parameters.
   PropertyValues pvs = new ServletConfigPropertyValues(getServletConfig(), this.requiredProperties);
   if (!pvs.isEmpty()) {
      try {
         BeanWrapper bw = PropertyAccessorFactory.forBeanPropertyAccess(this);
         ResourceLoader resourceLoader = new ServletContextResourceLoader(getServletContext());
         bw.reGISterCustomEditor(Resource.class, new ResourceEditor(resourceLoader, getEnvironment()));
         initBeanWrapper(bw);
         bw.setPropertyValues(pvs, true);
      }
      catch (BeansException ex) {
         if (logger.isErrorEnabled()) {
            logger.error("Failed to set bean properties on servlet '" + getServletName() + "'", ex);
         }
         throw ex;
      }
   }
   // Let subclasses do whatever initialization they like.
   initServletBean();
}

protected final void initServletBean() throws ServletException {
    ...
    // 在这里初始化ApplicationContext 
    this.webApplicationContext = initWebApplicationContext();
    // 初始化servlet
    initFrameworkServlet();
}

protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() {
    // 此处获取根容器，就是Spring初始化的XmlWebApplicationContext，
    // 在上面把它添加到了ServletContext的属性中，标记根容器，这里把它获取出来
    // String ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE = WebApplicationContext.class.getName() + ".ROOT";
    // servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE);
   WebApplicationContext rootContext =
         WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());
   WebApplicationContext wac = null;
   // 此时webApplicationContext还是null，因为DispatchServlet是被tomcat创建的，需要无参构造器
   // 构造器中没有设置webApplicationContext的代码，所以此时webApplicationContext还是null
   // 注意：在SpringBoot使用嵌入式Tomcat时，这个webApplicationContext不为null，因为FrameworkServlet还
   // 实现了ApplicationContextAware接口，所以当SpringBoot的上下文准备好之后，会回调setApplicationContext方法
   // 注入ApplicationContext，后面在细说 
   if (this.webApplicationContext != null) {
      // A context instance was injected at construction time -> use it
      wac = this.webApplicationContext;
      if (wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac && !cwac.isActive()) {
         // The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
         // setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
         if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
            // The context instance was injected without an explicit parent -> set
            // the root application context (if any; may be null) as the parent
            cwac.setParent(rootContext);
         }
         configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac);
      }
   }
   if (wac == null) {
      // No context instance was injected at construction time -> see if one
      // has been registered in the servlet context. If one exists, it is assumed
      // that the parent context (if any) has already been set and that the
      // user has perfORMed any initialization such as setting the context id
      // 此处主要是获取web.xml配置的WebApplicationContext
      // 可以通过设置参数contextAttribute来设置加载SpringMVC的ApplicationContext
      // 比如下面这样。除非项目中有多个WebApplicationContext，需要使用其他WebApplicationContext才会用到
      // 一般都是null
      // <context-param>
      //    <param-name>contextAttribute</param-name>
      //    <param-value>myWebApplicationContext</param-value>
      // </context-param>
      wac = findWebApplicationContext();
   }
   if (wac == null) {
      // 现在进入到创建SpringMVC的ApplicationContext流程
      // 也就是加载contextConfigLocation定义的xml文件 
      // No context instance is defined for this servlet -> create a local one
      wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext);
   }
   if (!this.refreshEventReceived) {
      // Either the context is not a ConfigurableApplicationContext with refresh
      // support or the context injected at construction time had already been
      // refreshed -> trigger initial onRefresh manually here.
      synchronized (this.onRefreshMonitor) {
         // 初始化策略对象
         // 比如：HandlerMapping，HandlerAdapter，ViewResolver等等 
         onRefresh(wac);
      }
   }
   if (this.publishContext) {
      // Publish the context as a servlet context attribute.
      String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName();
      getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac);
   }
   return wac;
}

protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(@Nullable ApplicationContext parent) {
   // SpringMVC所使用的contextClass，可以在<servlet>标签下设置
   // <init-param>
   //    <param-name>contextClass</param-name>
   //    <param-value>org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext</param-value>
   // </init-param>
   // 默认为XmlWebApplicationContext
   Class<?> contextClass = getContextClass();
   if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
      throw new ApplicationContextException(
            "Fatal initialization error in servlet with name '" + getServletName() +
            "': custom WebApplicationContext class [" + contextClass.getName() +
            "] is not of type ConfigurableWebApplicationContext");
   }
   // 实例化ApplicationContext
   ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac =
         (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
   // 设置环境参数
   wac.setEnvironment(getEnvironment());
   // 设置父容器为Spring的ApplicationContext
   wac.setParent(parent);
   // 获取SpringMVC的contextConfigLocation文件
   String configLocation = getContextConfigLocation();
   if (configLocation != null) {
      wac.setConfigLocation(configLocation);
   }
   // 配置并刷新ApplicationContext
   configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(wac);
   return wac;
}

...
// 首先根据当前请求HttpServletRequest，遍历所有的HandlerMapping执行handle方法，返回可用的HandlerExecutionChain对象。
mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
// 然后根据handler获取支持的适配器
HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());
// 执行HandlerInterceptor.preHandle，在controller的方法被调用前执行
if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
    return;
}
// 执行controller方法
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
// 执行HandlerInterceptor.postHandle，在controller的方法被调用后执行
mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
// 渲染结果到视图
processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);

invocableMethod.invokeAndHandle(webRequest, mavContainer);

// 执行controller方法
Object returnValue = invokeForRequest(webRequest, mavContainer, providedArgs);
...
// 处理返回数据，会判断是不是有@ResponseBody注解，如果有，会使用RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor来处理返回值
// 然后会解析请求头等等，判断应该返回什么类型的数据，然后使用对应的HttpMessageConverter写入输出流
this.returnValueHandlers.handleReturnValue(
      returnValue, getReturnValueType(returnValue), mavContainer, webRequest);

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
  <!-- 剔除Tomcat -->
  <exclusions>
    <exclusion>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    </exclusion>
  </exclusions>
</dependency>
<!-- 使用jetty -->
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
  <!-- 没有排除Tomcat -->
</dependency>
<!-- 引入jetty -->
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
</dependency>

// 只展示必要代码
class ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration {
   // 当Servlet、Tomcat、UpgradeProtocol类在类路径存在时
   // 并且ServletWebServerFactory类存在，则会创建tomcatServletWebServerFactory bean。
   @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class, UpgradeProtocol.class })
   @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ServletWebServerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
   static class EmbeddedTomcat {
      @Bean
      TomcatServletWebServerFactory tomcatServletWebServerFactory(
         ... 代码省略
      }
   }
   // 当Servlet、Server、WebAppContext类在类路径存在时
   // 并且ServletWebServerFactory类型的Bean不存在时，则会创建JettyServletWebServerFactory bean。
   // ServletWebServerFactory是TomcatServletWebServerFactory、JettyServletWebServerFactory、
   // UndertowServletWebServerFactory的父类
   // 所以如果Tomcat被引入，上面的tomcatServletWebServerFactory就会被创建，这里的条件就不满足，不会被创建。
   @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class, WebAppContext.class })
   @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ServletWebServerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
   static class EmbeddedJetty {
      @Bean
      JettyServletWebServerFactory JettyServletWebServerFactory(
         ... 代码省略
      }
   }
   // 分析同上
   @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class })
   @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ServletWebServerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
   static class EmbeddedUndertow {
      @Bean
      UndertowServletWebServerFactory undertowServletWebServerFactory(
        ... 代码省略
      }
   }

context = createApplicationContext();
-> refreshContext(context);
-> refresh(context);
-> applicationContext.refresh();

... refresh()代码简略
// 这里会初始化Tomcat配置
onRefresh();
// 这里会启动Tomcat
finishRefresh();
...

protected void onRefresh() {
   super.onRefresh();
   try {
      // 创建服务器
      createWebServer();
   }
   catch (Throwable ex) {
      throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start web server", ex);
   }
}

private void createWebServer() {
    ... 代码简略
    // 获取工厂类，这里获取的就是在配置类中生效的那一个，这里为TomcatServletWebServerFactory
    ServletWebServerFactory factory = getWebServerFactory();
    createWebServer.tag("factory", factory.getClass().toString());
    // 获取服务器 
    this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(getSelfInitializer());  
}

public WebServer getWebServer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
   if (this.disableMBeanRegistry) {
      Registry.disableRegistry();
   }
   Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
   File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null) ? this.baseDirectory : createTempDir("tomcat");
   tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
   for (LifecycleListener listener : this.serverLifecycleListeners) {
      tomcat.getServer().addLifecycleListener(listener);
   }
   // 设置Connector，对应与Tomcat Server.xml 中的<Connector></Connector>
   Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
   connector.setThrowOnFailure(true);
   // 对应于Server.xml 中
   // <Service name="Catalina">
   //   <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
   //     connectionTimeout="20000"
   //     redirectPort="8443" relaxedQueryChars="[|]"/>
   // </Service>
   tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
   customizeConnector(connector);
   tomcat.setConnector(connector);
   tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
   configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
   for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
      tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
   }
   // 准备好Context组件
   prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
   return getTomcatWebServer(tomcat);
}

// 创建Tomcat服务器
protected TomcatWebServer getTomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat) {
   return new TomcatWebServer(tomcat, getPort() >= 0, getShutdown());
}

getLifecycleProcessor().onRefresh();
> DefaultLifecycleProcessor.startBeans(true);
> LifecycleGroup::start
> doStart(this.lifecycleBeans, member.name, this.autoStartupOnly);
> bean.start();
> WebServerStartStopLifecycle.start
> TomcatWebServer.start();

private void startBeans(boolean autoStartupOnly) {
   Map<String, Lifecycle> lifecycleBeans = getLifecycleBeans();
   Map<Integer, LifecycleGroup> phases = new TreeMap<>();
   lifecycleBeans.forEach((beanName, bean) -> {
      if (!autoStartupOnly || (bean instanceof SmartLifecycle smartLifecycle && smartLifecycle.isAutoStartup())) {
         int phase = getPhase(bean);
         phases.computeIfAbsent(
               phase,
               p -> new LifecycleGroup(phase, this.timeoutPerShutdownPhase, lifecycleBeans, autoStartupOnly)
         ).add(beanName, bean);
      }
   });
   if (!phases.isEmpty()) {
      phases.values().forEach(LifecycleGroup::start);
   }
}

public void start() {
   this.webServer.start();
   this.running = true;
   this.applicationContext
      .publishEvent(new ServletWebServerInitializedEvent(this.webServer, this.applicationContext));
}

configureContext(context, initializersToUse);

TomcatStarter starter = new TomcatStarter(initializers);
context.addServletContainerInitializer(starter, NO_CLASSES);

public void onStartup(Set<Class<?>> classes, ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
   try {
      for (ServletContextInitializer initializer : this.initializers) {
         initializer.onStartup(servletContext);
      }
   }
   ...
}

private org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletContextInitializer getSelfInitializer() {
   return this::selfInitialize;
}

private void selfInitialize(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
   prepareWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
   registerApplicationScope(servletContext);
   WebApplicationContextUtils.registerEnvironmentBeans(getBeanFactory(), servletContext);
   for (ServletContextInitializer beans : getServletContextInitializerBeans()) {
      beans.onStartup(servletContext);
   }
}

protected static class DispatcherServletRegistrationConfiguration {
   @Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
   @ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
   public DispatcherServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet,
         WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties, ObjectProvider<MultipartConfigElement> multipartConfig) {
      // 创建DispatcherServletRegistrationBean，并把dispatcherServlet传进去
      DispatcherServletRegistrationBean registration = new DispatcherServletRegistrationBean(dispatcherServlet,
            webMvcProperties.getServlet().getPath());
      registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
      registration.setLoadOnStartup(webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
      multipartConfig.ifAvailable(registration::setMultipartConfig);
      return registration;
   }
}
protected static class DispatcherServletConfiguration {
    @Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
    public DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet(WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties) {
        // 创建DispatcherServlet
        DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet = new DispatcherServlet();
        dispatcherServlet.setDispatchOptionsRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchOptionsRequest());
        dispatcherServlet.setDispatchTraceRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchTraceRequest());
        dispatcherServlet.setThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound(webMvcProperties.isThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound());
        dispatcherServlet.setPublishEvents(webMvcProperties.isPublishRequestHandledEvents());
        dispatcherServlet.setEnableLoggingRequestDetails(webMvcProperties.isLogRequestDetails());
        return dispatcherServlet;
    }
}

public final void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
    String description = getDescription();
    if (!isEnabled()) {
        logger.info(StringUtils.capitalize(description) + " was not registered (disabled)");
        return;
    }
    // register是一个抽象方法，由子类DynamicRegistrationBean实现
    register(description, servletContext);
}
protected abstract void register(String description, ServletContext servletContext);

protected final void register(String description, ServletContext servletContext) {
   // addRegistration是一个抽象方法，由子类ServletRegistrationBean实现
   D registration = addRegistration(description, servletContext);
   if (registration == null) {
      logger.info(StringUtils.capitalize(description) + " was not registered (possibly already registered?)");
      return;
   }
   // Servlet被添加到Context后，这里对Servlet进行配置，如拦截路径 
   configure(registration);
}
protected abstract D addRegistration(String description, ServletContext servletContext);

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>

protected ServletRegistration.Dynamic addRegistration(String description, ServletContext servletContext) {
   String name = getServletName();
   // 添加Servlet到Context中，这里的servlet就是DispatchServlet。 
   return servletContext.addServlet(name, this.servlet);
}

<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

protected void configure(ServletRegistration.Dynamic registration) {
   super.configure(registration);
   String[] urlMapping = StringUtils.toStringArray(this.urlMappings);
   if (urlMapping.length == 0 && this.alwaysMapUrl) {
      // DEFAULT_MAPPINGS默是“/” 
      urlMapping = DEFAULT_MAPPINGS;
   }
   if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(urlMapping)) {
      // 设置mapping 
      registration.addMapping(urlMapping);
   }
   registration.setLoadOnStartup(this.loadOnStartup);
   if (this.multipartConfig != null) {
      registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig);
   }
}

protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() {
    // 此处获取根容器，就是Spring初始化的XmlWebApplicationContext，
    // 在上面把它添加到了ServletContext的属性中，标记根容器，这里把它获取出来
    // String ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE = WebApplicationContext.class.getName() + ".ROOT";
    // servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE);
    // ===========上面为使用web.xml时的分析，下面为SpringBoot嵌入式Tomcat分析============
    // 同样是获取根容器，不过一般为AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext
   WebApplicationContext rootContext =
         WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());
   WebApplicationContext wac = null;
   // 此时webApplicationContext还是null，因为DispatchServlet是被tomcat创建的，需要无参构造器
   // 构造器中没有设置webApplicationContext的代码，所以此时webApplicationContext还是null
   // ===========上面为使用web.xml时的分析，下面为SpringBoot嵌入式Tomcat分析============
   // 注意：在SpringBoot使用嵌入式Tomcat时，这个webApplicationContext不为null，因为FrameworkServlet还
   // 实现了ApplicationContextAware接口，所以当SpringBoot的上下文准备好之后，会回调setApplicationContext方法
   // 注入ApplicationContext，后面在细说 
   if (this.webApplicationContext != null) {
      // A context instance was injected at construction time -> use it
      wac = this.webApplicationContext;
      if (wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac && !cwac.isActive()) {
         // The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
         // setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
         if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
            // The context instance was injected without an explicit parent -> set
            // the root application context (if any; may be null) as the parent
            cwac.setParent(rootContext);
         }
         configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac);
      }
   }
   if (wac == null) {
      // No context instance was injected at construction time -> see if one
      // has been registered in the servlet context. If one exists, it is assumed
      // that the parent context (if any) has already been set and that the
      // user has performed any initialization such as setting the context id
      // 此处主要是获取web.xml配置的WebApplicationContext
      // 可以通过设置参数contextAttribute来设置加载SpringMVC的ApplicationContext
      // 比如下面这样。除非项目中有多个WebApplicationContext，需要使用其他WebApplicationContext才会用到
      // 一般都是null
      // <context-param>
      //    <param-name>contextAttribute</param-name>
      //    <param-value>myWebApplicationContext</param-value>
      // </context-param>
      // ===========上面为使用web.xml时的分析，下面为SpringBoot嵌入式Tomcat分析
      // 因为wac此时不为null，这里不会进入
      wac = findWebApplicationContext();
   }
   if (wac == null) {
      // 现在进入到创建SpringMVC的ApplicationContext流程
      // 也就是加载contextConfigLocation定义的xml文件 
      // ===========上面为使用web.xml时的分析，下面为SpringBoot嵌入式Tomcat分析
      // 因为wac此时不为null，这里不会进入，所以没有SpringMVC的容器，也就是没有父子容器之分，SpringBoot项目中只有一个容器
      // No context instance is defined for this servlet -> create a local one
      wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext);
   }
   if (!this.refreshEventReceived) {
      // Either the context is not a ConfigurableApplicationContext with refresh
      // support or the context injected at construction time had already been
      // refreshed -> trigger initial onRefresh manually here.
      synchronized (this.onRefreshMonitor) {
         // 初始化策略对象
         // 比如：HandlerMapping，HandlerAdapter，ViewResolver等等
         onRefresh(wac);
      }
   }
   if (this.publishContext) {
      // Publish the context as a servlet context attribute.
      String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName();
      getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac);
   }
   return wac;
}