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首页 > 资讯 > 移动开发 >Android OkHttp库简单使用和封装教程助你快速掌握网络请求技能
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Android OkHttp库简单使用和封装教程助你快速掌握网络请求技能

Android OkHttpAndroid OkHttp网络请求 2023-05-16 11:05:32 530人浏览 薄情痞子
摘要

OkHttp的封装 由于是封装我们可以吧OKHttp和Gson给结合起来，那么我们在gradle文件添加以下的依赖 compile "com.squareup.okhttp

OkHttp的封装

由于是封装我们可以吧OKHttp和Gson给结合起来，那么我们在gradle文件添加以下的依赖

compile "com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:2.4.0"

compile 'com.squareup.okio:okio:1.5.0'

compile "com.Google.code.gson:gson:2.8.0"

　　①CallBack的创建　　

　　首选我们知道，当接口请求成功或者失败的时候我们需要将这个信息通知给用户，那么我们就需要创建一个抽象类RequestCallBack，请求前、成功、失败、请求后这几个方法，创建OnBefore（）、OnAfter（）、OnError（）、OnResponse（）对应


public void onBefore(Request request) {
}

public void onAfter() {
}

public abstract void onError(Request request, Exception e);

public abstract void onResponse(T response);

　由于我们每次想要的数据不一定，所以这里我们用<T>来接收想要装成的数据格式，并通过反射得到想要的数据类型（一般是Bean、List）之类　，所以RequestCallBack的整体代码如下：

package com.qianmo.httprequest.http;
import com.google.gson.internal.$Gson$Types;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Request;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;

public abstract class ResultCallback<T> {
    //这是请求数据的返回类型，包含常见的（Bean，List等）
    Type mType;
    public ResultCallback() {
        mType = getSuperclassTypeParameter(getClass());
    }
    
    static Type getSuperclassTypeParameter(Class<?> subclass) {
        Type superclass = subclass.getGenericSuperclass();
        if (superclass instanceof Class) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Missing type parameter.");
        }
        ParameterizedType parameterized = (ParameterizedType) superclass;
        return $Gson$Types.canonicalize(parameterized.getActualTypeArguments()[0]);
    }
    
    public void onBefore(Request request) {
    }
    
    public void onAfter() {
    }
    
    public abstract void onError(Request request, Exception e);
    
    public abstract void onResponse(T response);
}

　　②对Get、Post方法的简单封装　

　　首先我们创建一个OkHttpClientManager类，由于是管理类，所以，单例加静态对象搞起

private static OkHttpClientManager mInstance;
 public static OkHttpClientManager getInstance() {
       if (mInstance == null){
           synchronized (OkHttpClientManager.class) {
               if (mInstance == null) {
                   mInstance = new OkHttpClientManager();
               }
           }
       }
       return mInstance;
   }

　在创建Manager对象的时候我们要把OkHttp的一些参数配置一下，顺便一提一下，由于我们我们异步get、post方法是运行在子线程中，所以这里我们添加了分发的Handler mDelivery;，重写的OkHttpClientManager构造方法如下：

private OkHttpClientManager() {
       mOkHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
       mOkHttpClient.setConnectTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
       mOkHttpClient.setWriteTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
       mOkHttpClient.setReadTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
       //cookie enabled
       mOkHttpClient.setCookieHandler(new CookieManager(null, CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_ORIGINAL_SERVER));
       mDelivery = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
       mGson = new Gson();
   }

　　前面的外部调用对象封装好了，这里我们开始来封装Get或Post方法，我这里以Post方法为例子，首先分析一下，post方法会有几个参数，参数一url，参数二参数params，参数三Callback（及我们上面的RequestCallBack）参数四flag（用于取消请求操作，可为空），基础代码如下：


       public void postAsyn(String url, Param[] params, final ResultCallback callback, Object tag) {
           Request request = buildPostFORMRequest(url, params, tag);
           deliveryResult(callback, request);
       }

　　那么我们再看一下deliveryResult方法到底是干什么的


   private void deliveryResult(ResultCallback callback, Request request) {
       if (callback == null)
           callback = DEFAULT_RESULT_CALLBACK;
       final ResultCallback resCallBack = callback;
       //UI thread
       callback.onBefore(request);
       mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
           @Override
           public void onFailure(final Request request, final IOException e) {
               sendFailedStrinGCallback(request, e, resCallBack);
           }
           @Override
           public void onResponse(final Response response) {
               try {
                   final String responseMessage=response.message();
                   final String responseBody = response.body().string();
                   if(response.code()==200){
                       if (resCallBack.mType == String.class) {
                           sendSuccessResultCallback(responseBody, resCallBack);
                       } else {
                           Object o = mGson.fromJSON(responseBody, resCallBack.mType);
                           sendSuccessResultCallback(o, resCallBack);
                       }
                   }else{
                       Exception exception=new Exception(response.code()+":"+responseMessage);
                       sendFailedStringCallback(response.request(), exception, resCallBack);
                   }
               } catch (IOException e) {
                   sendFailedStringCallback(response.request(), e, resCallBack);
               } catch (com.google.gson.jsonParseException e) {//Json解析的错误
                   sendFailedStringCallback(response.request(), e, resCallBack);
               }
           }
       });
   }

　　可以看到，这个方法主要是发出请求并对请求后的数据开始回调，这样我们就基本上封装好了一个post方法了 ，把代码这一部分的代码贴出来看看

public class OkHttpClientManager {
    private static final String TAG = "com.qianmo.httprequest.http.OkHttpClientManager";
    private static OkHttpClientManager mInstance;
    //默认的请求回调类
    private final ResultCallback<String> DEFAULT_RESULT_CALLBACK = new ResultCallback<String>(){
        @Override
        public void onError(Request request, Exception e) {}
        @Override
        public void onResponse(String response) {}
    };
    private OkHttpClient mOkHttpClient;
    private Handler mDelivery;
    private Gson mGson;
    private GetDelegate mGetDelegate = new GetDelegate();
    private PostDelegate mPostDelegate = new PostDelegate();
    private DownloadDelegate mDownloadDelegate = new DownloadDelegate();
    private OkHttpClientManager() {
        mOkHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
        mOkHttpClient.setConnectTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        mOkHttpClient.setWriteTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        mOkHttpClient.setReadTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        //cookie enabled
        mOkHttpClient.setCookieHandler(new CookieManager(null, CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_ORIGINAL_SERVER));
        mDelivery = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
        mGson = new Gson();
    }
    public static OkHttpClientManager getInstance() {
        if (mInstance == null){
            synchronized (OkHttpClientManager.class) {
                if (mInstance == null) {
                    mInstance = new OkHttpClientManager();
                }
            }
        }
        return mInstance;
    }
    
    public static void postAsyn(String url, Map<String, String> params, final ResultCallback callback) {
        getInstance().getPostDelegate().postAsyn(url, params, callback, null);
    }
    
        public void postAsyn(String url, Map<String, String> params, final ResultCallback callback, Object tag) {
            Param[] paramsArr = map2Params(params);
            postAsyn(url, paramsArr, callback, tag);
        }
    
        public void postAsyn(String url, Param[] params, final ResultCallback callback, Object tag) {
            Request request = buildPostFormRequest(url, params, tag);
            deliveryResult(callback, request);
        }
    
    private void deliveryResult(ResultCallback callback, Request request) {
        if (callback == null)
            callback = DEFAULT_RESULT_CALLBACK;
        final ResultCallback resCallBack = callback;
        //UI thread
        callback.onBefore(request);
        mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(final Request request, final IOException e) {
                sendFailedStringCallback(request, e, resCallBack);
            }
            @Override
            public void onResponse(final Response response) {
                try {
                    final String responseMessage=response.message();
                    final String responseBody = response.body().string();
                    if(response.code()==200){
                        if (resCallBack.mType == String.class) {
                            sendSuccessResultCallback(responseBody, resCallBack);
                        } else {
                            Object o = mGson.fromJson(responseBody, resCallBack.mType);
                            sendSuccessResultCallback(o, resCallBack);
                        }
                    }else{
                        Exception exception=new Exception(response.code()+":"+responseMessage);
                        sendFailedStringCallback(response.request(), exception, resCallBack);
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    sendFailedStringCallback(response.request(), e, resCallBack);
                } catch (com.google.gson.JsonParseException e) {//Json解析的错误
                    sendFailedStringCallback(response.request(), e, resCallBack);
                }
            }
        });
    }
     
    private void sendSuccessResultCallback(final Object object, final      ResultCallback callback) {
        mDelivery.post(() -> {
            callback.onResponse(object);
            callback.onAfter();
        });
    }
}

　　这样我们就把Post方法封装好了，同理Get方法，ok，现在我们可以来调用调用了，在调用之前我们可以对返回数据格式再来封装封装，一般我们后台返回的数据格式是类似如下：

{
 "code": 200,
  "data": {},
 "message": "登录成功"
}

　而data中有可能是对象，也有可能是数组，所以我们用两个类来实现一下

package com.qianmo.httprequest.bean;

public class CommonResultBean<T> {
    private String code;
    private T data;
    private String message;
    public String getCode() {
        return code;
    }
    public void setCode(String code) {
        this.code = code;
    }
    public T getData() {
        return data;
    }
    public void setData(T data) {
        this.data = data;
    }
    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }
    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }
}

　CommonResultListBean

package com.qianmo.httprequest.bean;
import java.util.List;

public class CommonResultListBean<T> {
    private String code;
    private List<T> data;
    private String message;
    public String getCode() {
        return code;
    }
    public void setCode(String code) {
        this.code = code;
    }
    public List<T> getData() {
        return data;
    }
    public void setData(List<T> data) {
        this.data = data;
    }
    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }
    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }
}

　　ok，现在还是以上面我们登录的接口为例子开始我们的方法调用，返回的数据格式如图所示

　　我们创建UserMenu.java类

package com.qianmo.httprequest.bean;
import java.util.List;

public class UserMenu {
    
    private String last_login_time;
    private int member_id;
    private String phone;
    private String real_name;
    
    private RoleBean role;
    private String username;
    
    private List<ModulesBean> modules;
    public String getLast_login_time() {
        return last_login_time;
    }
    public void setLast_login_time(String last_login_time) {
        this.last_login_time = last_login_time;
    }
    public int getMember_id() {
        return member_id;
    }
    public void setMember_id(int member_id) {
        this.member_id = member_id;
    }
    public String getPhone() {
        return phone;
    }
    public void setPhone(String phone) {
        this.phone = phone;
    }
    public String getReal_name() {
        return real_name;
    }
    public void setReal_name(String real_name) {
        this.real_name = real_name;
    }
    public RoleBean getRole() {
        return role;
    }
    public void setRole(RoleBean role) {
        this.role = role;
    }
    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }
    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }
    public List<ModulesBean> getModules() {
        return modules;
    }
    public void setModules(List<ModulesBean> modules) {
        this.modules = modules;
    }
    public static class RoleBean {
        private int role_id;
        private String role_name;
        public int getRole_id() {
            return role_id;
        }
        public void setRole_id(int role_id) {
            this.role_id = role_id;
        }
        public String getRole_name() {
            return role_name;
        }
        public void setRole_name(String role_name) {
            this.role_name = role_name;
        }
    }
    public static class ModulesBean {
        private String module_code;
        private int module_id;
        private String module_name;
        private int pid;
        private int type;
        private String value;
        public String getModule_code() {
            return module_code;
        }
        public void setModule_code(String module_code) {
            this.module_code = module_code;
        }
        public int getModule_id() {
            return module_id;
        }
        public void setModule_id(int module_id) {
            this.module_id = module_id;
        }
        public String getModule_name() {
            return module_name;
        }
        public void setModule_name(String module_name) {
            this.module_name = module_name;
        }
        public int getPid() {
            return pid;
        }
        public void setPid(int pid) {
            this.pid = pid;
        }
        public int getType() {
            return type;
        }
        public void setType(int type) {
            this.type = type;
        }
        public String getValue() {
            return value;
        }
        public void setValue(String value) {
            this.value = value;
        }
    }
}

　　所以MainActivity代码如下：

package com.qianmo.httprequest;
import Android.os.Environment;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;
import android.widget.TextView;
import com.qianmo.httprequest.bean.CommonResultBean;
import com.qianmo.httprequest.bean.UserMenu;
import com.qianmo.httprequest.http.IRequestCallBack;
import com.qianmo.httprequest.http.IRequestManager;
import com.qianmo.httprequest.http.OkHttpClientManager;
import com.qianmo.httprequest.http.RequestFactory;
import com.qianmo.httprequest.http.ResultCallback;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Call;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Callback;
import com.squareup.okhttp.FormEncodingBuilder;
import com.squareup.okhttp.OkHttpClient;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Request;
import com.squareup.okhttp.RequestBody;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Response;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements OnClickListener {
    private Handler handler;
    private TextView tv_message;
    private Button btn_login;
    private ProgressBar progressBar;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        tv_message = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_message);
        btn_login = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_login);
        progressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar);
        handler = new Handler();
        btn_login.setOnClickListener(this);
    }
    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        progressBar.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        String url = "http://192.168.1.123:8081/api/login";
        Map<String, String> params = new HashMap();
        params.put("username", "superadmin");
        params.put("pwd", "ba3253876aed6bc22d4a6ff53D8406c6ad864195ed144ab5c87621b6c233b548baeae6956df346ec8c17f5ea10f35ee3cbc514797ed7DDD3145464e2a0bab413");
        OkHttpClientManager.postAsyn(url, params,
                new ResultCallback<CommonResultBean<UserMenu>>() {
                    @Override
                    public void onError(Request request, Exception e) {
                    }
                    @Override
                    public void onResponse(CommonResultBean<UserMenu> response) {
                        if (response.getData() != null) {
                            UserMenu userMenu = response.getData();
                            tv_message.setText(userMenu.getReal_name());
                            progressBar.setVisibility(View.GONE);
                        }
                    }
                });
    }
}

　　这样我们就可以简单的调用了，最后看一下我们的效果：

到此这篇关于Android OkHttp库简单使用和封装教程助你快速掌握网络请求技能的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Android OkHttp内容请搜索编程网以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持编程网！

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本文标题: Android OkHttp库简单使用和封装教程助你快速掌握网络请求技能

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