Qt如何绘制图表

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1 简介

使用Qt的charts模块来绘制图表，案例来自Qt自带的demo。

charts模块简介：Qt Chars模块提供了一系列容易使用的图表组件。需要使用charts组件时，需要导入Qt Charts模块，通过如下方式：QT += charts

在安装Qt Creator的时候，需要勾选上这个模块，不然是不能使用的。

2 Qt Charts总览

Qt Chars支持绘制：坐标图、柱状图、折线图、饼图、曲线图、散点图等。

3 测试及说明

首先创建一个工程，继承至MainWindow组件。

（1）绘制折线图

折线图通过线段展示一系列相关联的点。

使用的类：QLineSeries

测试代码：

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :    QMainWindow(parent),    ui(new Ui::MainWindow){    ui->setupUi(this);        //添加一个QLineSeries实例    QLineSeries *lineseries = new QLineSeries();    //添加数据（点），有两种方式    lineseries->append(0, 6);  //参数分别为横纵坐标    lineseries->append(2, 4);    lineseries->append(3, 8);    lineseries->append(7, 4);    *lineseries << QPointF(11, 1) << QPointF(13, 3) << QPointF(17, 6) << QPointF(18, 3) << QPointF(20, 2);    //添加一个QChart实例，为了展示数据    QChart *chart = new QChart();    chart->legend()->hide();  //隐藏图例    chart->addSeries(lineseries);    chart->createDefaultAxes();    chart->setTitle("Simple line chart example");    //添加一个QChartView图例    QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);    chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);  //呈现方式    //显示    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);    this->resize(400, 300);    this->show();}

运行测试：

（2）绘制曲线图

使用的类：QSplineSeries

测试代码：

QSplineSeries *series = new QSplineSeries();    series->setName("spline");    series->append(0, 6);    series->append(2, 4);    series->append(3, 8);    series->append(7, 4);    series->append(10, 5);    QChart *chart = new QChart();    chart->legend()->hide();    chart->addSeries(series);    chart->setTitle("Simple spline chart example");    chart->createDefaultAxes();    chart->axisY()->setRange(0, 10);    QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);    chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);    this->resize(400, 300);    this->show();

运行测试：

（3）绘制面积图

使用的类：QAreaSeries

测试代码：

QLineSeries *series0 = new QLineSeries();    QLineSeries *series1 = new QLineSeries();    *series0 << QPointF(1, 5) << QPointF(3, 7) << QPointF(7, 6) << QPointF(9, 7) << QPointF(12, 6)             << QPointF(16, 7) << QPointF(18, 5);    *series1 << QPointF(1, 3) << QPointF(3, 4) << QPointF(7, 3) << QPointF(8, 2) << QPointF(12, 3)             << QPointF(16, 4) << QPointF(18, 3);    QAreaSeries *series = new QAreaSeries(series0, series1);    series->setName("Batman");    QPen pen(0x059605);    pen.setWidth(3);    series->setPen(pen);    QChart *chart = new QChart();    chart->addSeries(series);    chart->setTitle("Simple areachart example");    chart->createDefaultAxes();    chart->axisX()->setRange(0, 20);    chart->axisY()->setRange(0, 10);    QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);    chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);    this->resize(400, 300);    this->show();

运行测试：

（4）绘制散点图

使用的类：QScatterSeries

测试代码：

QScatterSeries *series0 = new QScatterSeries();    series0->setName("scatter1");    series0->setMarkerShape(QScatterSeries::MarkerShapeCircle);    series0->setMarkerSize(5.0);    QScatterSeries *series1 = new QScatterSeries();    series1->setName("scatter2");    series1->setMarkerShape(QScatterSeries::MarkerShapeRectangle);    series1->setMarkerSize(10.0);    QScatterSeries *series2 = new QScatterSeries();    series2->setName("scatter3");    series2->setMarkerShape(QScatterSeries::MarkerShapeRectangle);    series2->setMarkerSize(15.0);    series0->append(0, 6);    series0->append(2, 4);    series0->append(3, 8);    series0->append(7, 4);    series0->append(10, 5);    *series1 << QPointF(1, 1) << QPointF(3, 3) << QPointF(7, 6) << QPointF(8, 3) << QPointF(10, 2);    *series2 << QPointF(1, 5) << QPointF(4, 6) << QPointF(6, 3) << QPointF(9, 5);    QChart *chart = new QChart();    chart->addSeries(series0);    chart->addSeries(series1);    chart->addSeries(series2);    chart->setTitle("Simple scatterchart example");    chart->createDefaultAxes();    chart->setDropShadowEnabled(false);    QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);    chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);    this->resize(400, 300);    this->show();

运行测试：

（5）绘制柱状图

使用的类：QBarSeries

测试代码：

QBarSet *set0 = new QBarSet("Jane");    QBarSet *set1 = new QBarSet("John");    QBarSet *set2 = new QBarSet("Axel");    QBarSet *set3 = new QBarSet("Mary");    QBarSet *set4 = new QBarSet("Samantha");    *set0 << 1 << 2 << 3 << 4 << 5 << 6;    *set1 << 5 << 0 << 0 << 4 << 0 << 7;    *set2 << 3 << 5 << 8 << 13 << 8 << 5;    *set3 << 5 << 6 << 7 << 3 << 4 << 5;    *set4 << 9 << 7 << 5 << 3 << 1 << 2;    QBarSeries *series = new QBarSeries();    series->append(set0);    series->append(set1);    series->append(set2);    series->append(set3);    series->append(set4);    QChart *chart = new QChart();    chart->addSeries(series);    chart->setTitle("Simple barchart example");    chart->setAnimationOptions(QChart::SeriesAnimations);    QStringList cateGories;    categories << "Jan" << "Feb" << "Mar" << "Apr" << "May" << "Jun";    QBarCategoryAxis *axis = new QBarCategoryAxis();    axis->append(categories);    chart->createDefaultAxes();    chart->setAxisX(axis, series);    chart->legend()->setVisible(true);    chart->legend()->setAlignment(Qt::AlignBottom);    QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);    chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);    this->resize(400, 300);    this->show();

运行测试：

（6）绘制饼图

使用的类：QPieSeries

测试代码：

QPieSeries *series = new QPieSeries();    series->append("Jane", 1);    series->append("Joe", 2);    series->append("Andy", 3);    series->append("Barbara", 4);    series->append("Axel", 5);    QPieSlice *slice = series->slices().at(1);    slice->setExploded();    slice->setLabelVisible();    slice->setPen(QPen(Qt::darkGreen, 2));    slice->setBrush(Qt::green);    QChart *chart = new QChart();    chart->addSeries(series);    chart->setTitle("Simple piechart example");    chart->legend()->hide();    QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);    chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);    this->resize(400, 300);    this->show();

运行测试：

完整的测试代码：

#include "mainwindow.h"#include "ui_mainwindow.h"#include <QtCharts>#include <QPainter>#include <QPainterPath>#include <QtMath>#include <QImage>MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :    QMainWindow(parent),    ui(new Ui::MainWindow){    ui->setupUi(this);#if 0        //添加一个QLineSeries实例    QLineSeries *lineseries = new QLineSeries();    //添加数据（点），有两种方式    lineseries->append(0, 6);  //参数分别为横纵坐标    lineseries->append(2, 4);    lineseries->append(3, 8);    lineseries->append(7, 4);    *lineseries << QPointF(11, 1) << QPointF(13, 3) << QPointF(17, 6) << QPointF(18, 3) << QPointF(20, 2);    //添加一个QChart实例，为了展示数据    QChart *chart = new QChart();    chart->legend()->hide();  //隐藏图例    chart->addSeries(lineseries);    chart->createDefaultAxes();    chart->setTitle("Simple line chart example");    //添加一个QChartView图例    QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);    chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);  //呈现方式    //显示    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);    this->resize(400, 300);    this->show();#endif#if 0        QSplineSeries *series = new QSplineSeries();    series->setName("spline");    series->append(0, 6);    series->append(2, 4);    series->append(3, 8);    series->append(7, 4);    series->append(10, 5);    QChart *chart = new QChart();    chart->legend()->hide();    chart->addSeries(series);    chart->setTitle("Simple spline chart example");    chart->createDefaultAxes();    chart->axisY()->setRange(0, 10);    QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);    chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);    this->resize(400, 300);    this->show();#endif#if 0        QLineSeries *series0 = new QLineSeries();    QLineSeries *series1 = new QLineSeries();    *series0 << QPointF(1, 5) << QPointF(3, 7) << QPointF(7, 6) << QPointF(9, 7) << QPointF(12, 6)             << QPointF(16, 7) << QPointF(18, 5);    *series1 << QPointF(1, 3) << QPointF(3, 4) << QPointF(7, 3) << QPointF(8, 2) << QPointF(12, 3)             << QPointF(16, 4) << QPointF(18, 3);    QAreaSeries *series = new QAreaSeries(series0, series1);    series->setName("Batman");    QPen pen(0x059605);    pen.setWidth(3);    series->setPen(pen);    QChart *chart = new QChart();    chart->addSeries(series);    chart->setTitle("Simple areachart example");    chart->createDefaultAxes();    chart->axisX()->setRange(0, 20);    chart->axisY()->setRange(0, 10);    QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);    chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);    this->resize(400, 300);    this->show();#endif#if 0        QScatterSeries *series0 = new QScatterSeries();    series0->setName("scatter1");    series0->setMarkerShape(QScatterSeries::MarkerShapeCircle);    series0->setMarkerSize(5.0);    QScatterSeries *series1 = new QScatterSeries();    series1->setName("scatter2");    series1->setMarkerShape(QScatterSeries::MarkerShapeRectangle);    series1->setMarkerSize(10.0);    QScatterSeries *series2 = new QScatterSeries();    series2->setName("scatter3");    series2->setMarkerShape(QScatterSeries::MarkerShapeRectangle);    series2->setMarkerSize(15.0);    series0->append(0, 6);    series0->append(2, 4);    series0->append(3, 8);    series0->append(7, 4);    series0->append(10, 5);    *series1 << QPointF(1, 1) << QPointF(3, 3) << QPointF(7, 6) << QPointF(8, 3) << QPointF(10, 2);    *series2 << QPointF(1, 5) << QPointF(4, 6) << QPointF(6, 3) << QPointF(9, 5);    QChart *chart = new QChart();    chart->addSeries(series0);    chart->addSeries(series1);    chart->addSeries(series2);    chart->setTitle("Simple scatterchart example");    chart->createDefaultAxes();    chart->setDropShadowEnabled(false);    QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);    chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);    this->resize(400, 300);    this->show();#endif#if 0        QBarSet *set0 = new QBarSet("Jane");    QBarSet *set1 = new QBarSet("John");    QBarSet *set2 = new QBarSet("Axel");    QBarSet *set3 = new QBarSet("Mary");    QBarSet *set4 = new QBarSet("Samantha");    *set0 << 1 << 2 << 3 << 4 << 5 << 6;    *set1 << 5 << 0 << 0 << 4 << 0 << 7;    *set2 << 3 << 5 << 8 << 13 << 8 << 5;    *set3 << 5 << 6 << 7 << 3 << 4 << 5;    *set4 << 9 << 7 << 5 << 3 << 1 << 2;    QBarSeries *series = new QBarSeries();    series->append(set0);    series->append(set1);    series->append(set2);    series->append(set3);    series->append(set4);    QChart *chart = new QChart();    chart->addSeries(series);    chart->setTitle("Simple barchart example");    chart->setAnimationOptions(QChart::SeriesAnimations);    QStringList categories;    categories << "Jan" << "Feb" << "Mar" << "Apr" << "May" << "Jun";    QBarCategoryAxis *axis = new QBarCategoryAxis();    axis->append(categories);    chart->createDefaultAxes();    chart->setAxisX(axis, series);    chart->legend()->setVisible(true);    chart->legend()->setAlignment(Qt::AlignBottom);    QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);    chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);    this->resize(400, 300);    this->show();#endif#if 0        QPieSeries *series = new QPieSeries();    series->append("Jane", 1);    series->append("Joe", 2);    series->append("Andy", 3);    series->append("Barbara", 4);    series->append("Axel", 5);    QPieSlice *slice = series->slices().at(1);    slice->setExploded();    slice->setLabelVisible();    slice->setPen(QPen(Qt::darkGreen, 2));    slice->setBrush(Qt::green);    QChart *chart = new QChart();    chart->addSeries(series);    chart->setTitle("Simple piechart example");    chart->legend()->hide();    QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);    chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);    this->resize(400, 300);    this->show();#endif}MainWindow::~MainWindow(){    delete ui;}

还有一些图形及主题等设置，后续待补充。

4 其它

（1）如何在QWidget中绘制QCharts

上面的代码中都是在QMainWindow中绘制的QCharts，但如果我们要在QWidget中绘制QCharts，那么如何实现呢？

方式一：

可选择的解决方法：在ui中拖一个水平布局，把chartView放到水平布局。

测试代码：

Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent) :    QWidget(parent),    ui(new Ui::Widget){    ui->setupUi(this);        QBarSet *set0 = new QBarSet("Jane");    QBarSet *set1 = new QBarSet("John");    QBarSet *set2 = new QBarSet("Axel");    QBarSet *set3 = new QBarSet("Mary");    QBarSet *set4 = new QBarSet("Samantha");    *set0 << 1 << 2 << 3 << 4 << 5 << 6;    *set1 << 5 << 0 << 0 << 4 << 0 << 7;    *set2 << 3 << 5 << 8 << 13 << 8 << 5;    *set3 << 5 << 6 << 7 << 3 << 4 << 5;    *set4 << 9 << 7 << 5 << 3 << 1 << 2;    QBarSeries *series = new QBarSeries();    series->append(set0);    series->append(set1);    series->append(set2);    series->append(set3);    series->append(set4);    QChart *chart = new QChart();    chart->addSeries(series);    chart->setTitle("Simple barchart example");    chart->setAnimationOptions(QChart::SeriesAnimations);    QStringList categories;    categories << "Jan" << "Feb" << "Mar" << "Apr" << "May" << "Jun";    QBarCategoryAxis *axis = new QBarCategoryAxis();    axis->append(categories);    chart->createDefaultAxes();    chart->setAxisX(axis, series);    chart->legend()->setVisible(true);    chart->legend()->setAlignment(Qt::AlignBottom);    QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);    chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);    ui->horizontalLayout->addWidget(chartView);}

运行测试：

这种方式每次是在水平布局中添加一个QWidget，有时候不太好用。

方式二：

将QWidget提升为QChartView。

在代码中直接使用下面的代码就可以显示了：

ui->widget_factory->setChart(chart);ui->widget_factory->show();

（2）如何在柱状图中顶端带数字显示

只需要添加下面两句代码：

  series->setLabelsPosition(QAbstractBarSeries::LabelsInsideEnd);series->setLabelsVisible(true);

感谢各位的阅读！关于“Qt如何绘制图表”这篇文章就分享到这里了，希望以上内容可以对大家有一定的帮助，让大家可以学到更多知识，如果觉得文章不错，可以把它分享出去让更多的人看到吧！