Netty框架实现TCP/IP通信的详细过程

2023-06-20 15:06:44 137人浏览安东尼

摘要

这篇文章主要介绍“Netty框架实现tcp/IP通信的详细过程”，在日常操作中，相信很多人在Netty框架实现TCP/IP通信的详细过程问题上存在疑惑，小编查阅了各式资料，整理出简单好用的操作方法，希望对大家解答”Netty框架实现TCP/

这篇文章主要介绍“Netty框架实现tcp/IP通信的详细过程”，在日常操作中，相信很多人在Netty框架实现TCP/IP通信的详细过程问题上存在疑惑，小编查阅了各式资料，整理出简单好用的操作方法，希望对大家解答”Netty框架实现TCP/IP通信的详细过程”的疑惑有所帮助！接下来，请跟着小编一起来学习吧！

项目中需要使用到TCP/IP协议完成数据的发送与接收。如果只是用以前写的简单的Socket套接字方法，每次接收发送消息都会创建新的socket再关闭socket，造成资源浪费。于是使用netty框架完成java网络通信。
Netty框架的内容很多，这里只是代码展示其中的一个功能。

代码仓库

这里使用的是SpringBoot+Netty框架，使用Maven搭建项目。这里是在一个项目中搭建服务端与客户端，所以端口一样。还可以使用TCP/UTP工具自己搭建服务端和客户端，只要在yml文件中修改ip和端口就好。

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="Http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <groupId>com.hzx.testmaven15netty</groupId>    <artifactId>testmaven15netty</artifactId>    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>    <parent>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>        <version>2.3.0.RELEASE</version>    </parent>    <dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>io.netty</groupId>            <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>            <version>4.1.31.Final</version>        </dependency>    </dependencies></project>

application.yml

server:  port: 8080# 作为客户端请求的服务端地址netty:  tcp:    server:      # 作为客户端请求的服务端地址      host: 127.0.0.1      # 作为客户端请求的服务端端口      port: 7000    client:      # 作为服务端开放给客户端的端口      port: 7000

服务端

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;import io.netty.channel.Channel;import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;import io.netty.channel.NIO.NioEventLoopGroup;import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NiOServerSocketChannel;import io.netty.util.concurrent.Future;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.util.Map;import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;@Componentpublic class NettyTcpServer {    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NettyTcpServer.class);    // boss事件轮询线程组    // 处理Accept连接事件的线程，这里线程数设置为1即可，netty处理链接事件默认为单线程，过度设置反而浪费cpu资源    private EventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);    //worker事件轮询线程组    //处理handler的工作线程，其实也就是处理IO读写 。线程数据默认为 CPU 核心数乘以2    private EventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();    @Autowired    ServerChannelInitializer serverChannelInitializer;    @Value("${netty.tcp.client.port}")    private Integer port;    // 与客户端建立连接后得到的通道对象    private Channel channel;        public static Map<String, Channel> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Channel>();        public ChannelFuture start() {        // 启动类        ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();        serverBootstrap.group(boss, worker)//组配置，初始化ServerBootstrap的线程组                .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)//构造channel通道工厂 bossGroup的通道，只是负责连接                .childHandler(serverChannelInitializer) //设置通道处理者ChannelHandlerWorkerGroup的处理器                .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)//socket参数，当服务器请求处理程全满时，用于临时存放已完成三次握手请求的队列的最大长度。如果未设置或所设置的值小于1，Java将使用默认值50。                .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);//启用心跳保活机制，tcp，默认2小时发一次心跳        //Future：异步任务的生命周期，可用来获取任务结果        ChannelFuture channelFuture1 = serverBootstrap.bind(port).syncUninterruptibly(); // 绑定端口 开启监听 同步等待        if (channelFuture1 != null && channelFuture1.isSuccess()) {            channel = channelFuture1.channel();// 获取通道            LOGGER.info("Netty tcp server start success,port={}",port);        }else {            LOGGER.error("Netty tcp server start fail");        }        return channelFuture1;    }        public void destroy(){        if (channel != null) {            channel.close();        }        try {            Future<?> future = worker.shutdownGracefully().await();            if (!future.isSuccess()) {                LOGGER.error("netty tcp workerGroup shutdown fail,{}",future.cause());            }        } catch (InterruptedException e) {            LOGGER.error(e.toString());        }        LOGGER.info("Netty tcp server shutdown success");    }}

import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateHandler;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;@Componentpublic class ServerChannelInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {    @Autowired    ServerChannelHandler serverChannelHandler;    @Override    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {        ChannelPipeline pipeline = socketChannel.pipeline();        //IdleStateHandler心跳机制,如果超时触发Handle中userEventTrigger()方法        pipeline.addLast("idleStateHandler",                new IdleStateHandler(15,0,0, TimeUnit.MINUTES));        // 字符串编解码器        pipeline.addLast(                new StringDecoder(),                new StringEncoder()        );        // 自定义Handler        pipeline.addLast("serverChannelHandler",serverChannelHandler);    }}

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleState;import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateEvent;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component@ChannelHandler.Sharablepublic class ServerChannelHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<Object> {    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ServerChannelHandler.class);        @Override    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext, Object msg) throws Exception {        LOGGER.info("Netty tcp server receive message: {}",msg);        channelHandlerContext.writeAndFlush(" response message "+msg).syncUninterruptibly();    }        @Override    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {        super.channelActive(ctx);        LOGGER.info("tcp client "+getRemoteAddress(ctx)+" connect success");        NettyTcpServer.map.put(getIPString(ctx),ctx.channel());    }        @Override    public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {        // 删除Channel Map中失效的Client        NettyTcpServer.map.remove(getIPString(ctx));        ctx.close();    }        @Override    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {        super.exceptionCaught(ctx, cause);        // 发生异常 关闭连接        LOGGER.error("引擎{}的通道发生异常，断开连接",getRemoteAddress(ctx));        ctx.close();    }        @Override    public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception {        String socketString = ctx.channel().remoteAddress().toString();        if (evt instanceof IdleStateEvent) {            IdleStateEvent event = (IdleStateEvent) evt;            if (event.state()== IdleState.READER_IDLE) {                LOGGER.info("Client: "+socketString+" READER_IDLE读超时");                ctx.disconnect();            }else if (event.state()==IdleState.WRITER_IDLE){                LOGGER.info("Client: "+socketString+" WRITER_IDLE写超时");                ctx.disconnect();            }else if (event.state()==IdleState.ALL_IDLE){                LOGGER.info("Client: "+socketString+" ALL_IDLE总超时");                ctx.disconnect();            }        }    }        public String getRemoteAddress(ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext){        String socketString = "";        socketString = channelHandlerContext.channel().remoteAddress().toString();        return socketString;    }        public String getIPString(ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext){        String ipString = "";        String socketString = channelHandlerContext.channel().remoteAddress().toString();        int colonAt = socketString.indexOf(":");        ipString = socketString.substring(1,colonAt);        return ipString;    }}

客户端

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;import io.netty.channel.Channel;import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import javax.xml.ws.Holder;@Componentpublic class NettyTcpClient {    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NettyTcpClient.class);    @Value("${netty.tcp.server.host}")    String HOST;    @Value("${netty.tcp.server.port}")    int PORT;    @Autowired    ClientChannelInitializer clientChannelInitializer;    private Channel channel;        private final Bootstrap getBootstrap(){        Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();        NioEventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();        bootstrap.group(group)                .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)//通道连接者                .handler(clientChannelInitializer)//通道处理者                .option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE,true);// 心跳报活        return bootstrap;    }        public void connect(){        ChannelFuture channelFuture = getBootstrap().connect(HOST, PORT).syncUninterruptibly();        if (channelFuture != null&&channelFuture.isSuccess()) {            channel = channelFuture.channel();            LOGGER.info("connect tcp server host = {},port = {} success", HOST,PORT);        }else {            LOGGER.error("connect tcp server host = {},port = {} fail",HOST,PORT);        }    }        public void sendMessage(Object msg) throws InterruptedException {        if (channel != null) {            channel.writeAndFlush(msg).sync();        }else {            LOGGER.warn("消息发送失败，连接尚未建立");        }    }}

import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateHandler;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;@Componentpublic class ClientChannelInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {    @Autowired    ClientChannelHandler clientChannelHandler;    @Override    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {        ChannelPipeline pipeline = socketChannel.pipeline();        pipeline.addLast("idleStateHandler",                new IdleStateHandler(15,0,0, TimeUnit.MINUTES));        pipeline.addLast(new StringDecoder(),new StringEncoder());        pipeline.addLast("clientChannelHandler",clientChannelHandler);    }}

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component@ChannelHandler.Sharablepublic class ClientChannelHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<Object> {    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ClientChannelHandler.class);    @Override    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext, Object msg) throws Exception {        LOGGER.info("Netty tcp client receive msg : " + msg);    }}

启动类

import com.netty.client.NettyTcpClient;import com.netty.server.NettyTcpServer;import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;@SpringBootApplicationpublic class StartApplication implements CommandLineRunner {    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {        SpringApplication.run(StartApplication.class, args);    }    @Autowired    NettyTcpServer nettyTcpServer;    @Autowired    NettyTcpClient nettyTcpClient;        @Override    public void run(String... args) throws Exception {        ChannelFuture start = nettyTcpServer.start();        nettyTcpClient.connect();        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {            nettyTcpClient.sendMessage("hello world "+i);        }        start.channel().closeFuture().syncUninterruptibly();    }}

使用循环让客户端向服务端发送10条数据

运行结果

Netty框架实现TCP/IP通信的详细过程

"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\bin\java.exe" -XX:TieredStopAtLevel=1 -noverify -Dspring.output.ansi.enabled=always -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote -Dspring.jmx.enabled=true -Dspring.liveBeansView.mbeanDomain -Dspring.application.admin.enabled=true "-javaagent:D:\idea\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.1.1\lib\idea_rt.jar=62789:D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.1.1\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\sqljdbc4-4.0.0.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\Java Code\testmaven15netty\target\classes;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter\2.3.0.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-2.3.0.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot\2.3.0.RELEASE\spring-boot-2.3.0.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\spring-context\5.2.6.RELEASE\spring-context-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\spring-aop\5.2.6.RELEASE\spring-aop-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\spring-beans\5.2.6.RELEASE\spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\spring-expression\5.2.6.RELEASE\spring-expression-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-autoconfigure\2.3.0.RELEASE\spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.3.0.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-logging\2.3.0.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-logging-2.3.0.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\ch\qos\logback\logback-classic\1.2.3\logback-classic-1.2.3.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\ch\qos\logback\logback-core\1.2.3\logback-core-1.2.3.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\slf4j\slf4j-api\1.7.30\slf4j-api-1.7.30.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-to-slf4j\2.13.2\log4j-to-slf4j-2.13.2.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-api\2.13.2\log4j-api-2.13.2.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\slf4j\jul-to-slf4j\1.7.30\jul-to-slf4j-1.7.30.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\jakarta\annotation\jakarta.annotation-api\1.3.5\jakarta.annotation-api-1.3.5.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\spring-core\5.2.6.RELEASE\spring-core-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\spring-jcl\5.2.6.RELEASE\spring-jcl-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\yaml\snakeyaml\1.26\snakeyaml-1.26.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\io\netty\netty-all\4.1.31.Final\netty-all-4.1.31.Final.jar" com.netty.StartApplication
.   ____          _            __ _ _
/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot ::        (v2.3.0.RELEASE)
2021-07-13 08:32:17.161 INFO 18068 --- [           main] com.netty.StartApplication               : Starting StartApplication on LAPTOP-H9JFQJGF with PID 18068 (D:\Java Code\testmaven15netty\target\classes started by huangzixiao in D:\Java Code\testmaven15netty)
2021-07-13 08:32:17.165 INFO 18068 --- [           main] com.netty.StartApplication               : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2021-07-13 08:32:18.371 INFO 18068 --- [           main] com.netty.StartApplication               : Started StartApplication in 1.706 seconds (JVM running for 2.672)
2021-07-13 08:32:18.931 INFO 18068 --- [           main] com.netty.server.NettyTcpServer          : Netty tcp server start success,port=7000
2021-07-13 08:32:19.016 INFO 18068 --- [           main] com.netty.client.NettyTcpClient          : connect tcp server host = 127.0.0.1,port = 7000 success
2021-07-13 08:32:19.078 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler    : tcp client /127.0.0.1:52653 connect success
2021-07-13 08:32:19.100 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler    : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 0
2021-07-13 08:32:19.100 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler    : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 1
2021-07-13 08:32:19.100 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-4-1] com.netty.client.ClientChannelHandler    : Netty tcp client receive msg : response message hello world 0
2021-07-13 08:32:19.100 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler    : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 2
2021-07-13 08:32:19.100 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-4-1] com.netty.client.ClientChannelHandler    : Netty tcp client receive msg : response message hello world 1
2021-07-13 08:32:19.100 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler    : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 3
2021-07-13 08:32:19.100 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-4-1] com.netty.client.ClientChannelHandler    : Netty tcp client receive msg : response message hello world 2
2021-07-13 08:32:19.100 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler    : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 4
2021-07-13 08:32:19.100 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-4-1] com.netty.client.ClientChannelHandler    : Netty tcp client receive msg : response message hello world 3
2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler    : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 5
2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-4-1] com.netty.client.ClientChannelHandler    : Netty tcp client receive msg : response message hello world 4
2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler    : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 6
2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-4-1] com.netty.client.ClientChannelHandler    : Netty tcp client receive msg : response message hello world 5
2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler    : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 7
2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-4-1] com.netty.client.ClientChannelHandler    : Netty tcp client receive msg : response message hello world 6 response message hello world 7
2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler    : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 8
2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-4-1] com.netty.client.ClientChannelHandler    : Netty tcp client receive msg : response message hello world 8
2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler    : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 9
2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-4-1] com.netty.client.ClientChannelHandler    : Netty tcp client receive msg : response message hello world 9