Android中网络框架简单封装的实例方法

Android中网络框架的简单封装

前言

Android作为一款主要应用在移动终端的操作系统，访问网络是必不可少的功能。访问网络，最基本的接口有：HttpUrlConnection,HttpClient，而在后续的发展中，出现了Volley，OkHttp，Retrofit等网络封装库。由于各种原因，在实际的项目开发中，我们可能会需要在项目的版本迭代中，切换网络框架。如果对于网络框架没有好的封装，那么当需要切换网络框架时，可能就会有大量的迁移工作要做。

封装网络框架

在架构设计中，面向接口和抽象，是解耦的一个重要原则。本文将基于这一原则，实现一个简单的网络框架封装。

定义网络访问的接口

抽取出不同网络框架的共同方法，定义成接口方法。

public interface IHttpLoader {
  
  void get(String url, Map<String, Object> params, IHttpCallback callback);
  
  void post(String url, Map<String, Object> params, IHttpCallback callback);
}

定义网络访问的Callback

public interface IHttpCallback {
  
  void onSuccess(String result);
  
  void onFailed(String msg);
}

定义具体的接口实现类

分别对具体的网络框架进行接口实现，这里以Volley和OkHttp为例

Volley的实现类

public class VolleyHttpLoader implements IHttpLoader {
  private static RequestQueue mRequestQueue;
  public VolleyHttpLoader(Context context) {
    mRequestQueue = Volley.newRequestQueue(context);
  }
  @Override
  public void get(String url, Map<String, Object> params, final IHttpCallback callback) {
    StringRequest request = new StringRequest(Request.Method.GET, url,
        new Response.Listener<String>() {
          @Override
          public void onResponse(String s) {
            callback.onSuccess(s);
          }
        }, new Response.ErrorListener() {
      @Override
      public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError volleyError) {
        callback.onFailed(volleyError.toString());
      }
    });
    mRequestQueue.add(request);
  }
  @Override
  public void post(String url, Map<String, Object> params, final IHttpCallback callback) {
    StringRequest request = new StringRequest(Request.Method.POST, url,
        new Response.Listener<String>() {
          @Override
          public void onResponse(String s) {
            callback.onSuccess(s);
          }
        }, new Response.ErrorListener() {
      @Override
      public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError volleyError) {
        callback.onFailed(volleyError.toString());
      }
    });
    mRequestQueue.add(request);
  }
}

OkHttp的实现类

public class OkHttpLoader implements IHttpLoader {
  private static OkHttpClient mOkHttpClient;
  public OkHttpLoader() {
    mOkHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
  }
  @Override
  public void get(String url, Map<String, Object> params, final IHttpCallback callback) {
    Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).build();
    mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
      @Override
      public void onFailure(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull IOException e) {
        callback.onFailed(e.toString());
      }
      @Override
      public void onResponse(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull Response response) throws IOException {
        if (response.isSuccessful()) {
          String result = response.body().string();
          callback.onSuccess(result);
        } else {
          callback.onFailed(response.message());
        }
      }
    });
  }
  @Override
  public void post(String url, Map<String, Object> params, final IHttpCallback callback) {
    RequestBody requestBody = appendBody(params);
    Request request = new Request.Builder().post(requestBody).url(url).build();
    mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
      @Override
      public void onFailure(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull IOException e) {
        callback.onFailed(e.toString());
      }
      @Override
      public void onResponse(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull Response response) throws IOException {
        if (response.isSuccessful()) {
          String result = response.body().string();
          callback.onSuccess(result);
        } else {
          callback.onFailed(response.message());
        }
      }
    });
  }
  private RequestBody appendBody(Map<String, Object> params) {
    FORMBody.Builder body = new FormBody.Builder();
    if (params == null || params.isEmpty()) {
      return body.build();
    }
    for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : params.entrySet()) {
      body.add(entry.geTKEy(), entry.getValue().toString());
    }
    return body.build();
  }
}

定义Callback的实现

public abstract class HttpCallback<Result> implements IHttpCallback {
  @Override
  public void onSuccess(String result) {
    Gson gson = new Gson();
    Class<?> clazz = analysisClazzInfo(this);
    Result resultObj = (Result) gson.fromJSON(result, clazz);
    onSuccess(resultObj);
  }
  
  public abstract void onSuccess(Result result);
  private Class<?> analysisClazzInfo(Object object) {
    Type genType = object.getClass().getGenericSuperclass();
    Type[] params = ((ParameterizedType) genType).getActualTypeArguments();
    return (Class<?>) params[0];
  }
}

返回的数据Bean

public class Data {
  private int errorCode;
  private String errorMsg;
  private List<DataBean> data;
  public int getErrorCode() {
    return errorCode;
  }
  public void setErrorCode(int errorCode) {
    this.errorCode = errorCode;
  }
  public String getErrorMsg() {
    return errorMsg;
  }
  public void setErrorMsg(String errorMsg) {
    this.errorMsg = errorMsg;
  }
  public List<DataBean> getData() {
    return data;
  }
  public void setData(List<DataBean> data) {
    this.data = data;
  }
  public static class DataBean {
    private int courseId;
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private int order;
    private int parentChapterId;
    private boolean userControlSetTop;
    private int visible;
    private List<?> children;
    public int getCourseId() {
      return courseId;
    }
    public void setCourseId(int courseId) {
      this.courseId = courseId;
    }
    public int getId() {
      return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
      this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
      return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
      this.name = name;
    }
    public int getOrder() {
      return order;
    }
    public void setOrder(int order) {
      this.order = order;
    }
    public int getParentChapterId() {
      return parentChapterId;
    }
    public void setParentChapterId(int parentChapterId) {
      this.parentChapterId = parentChapterId;
    }
    public boolean isUserControlSetTop() {
      return userControlSetTop;
    }
    public void setUserControlSetTop(boolean userControlSetTop) {
      this.userControlSetTop = userControlSetTop;
    }
    public int getVisible() {
      return visible;
    }
    public void setVisible(int visible) {
      this.visible = visible;
    }
    public List<?> getChildren() {
      return children;
    }
    public void setChildren(List<?> children) {
      this.children = children;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
      return "DataBean{" +
          "courseId=" + courseId +
          ", id=" + id +
          ", name='" + name + '\'' +
          ", order=" + order +
          ", parentChapterId=" + parentChapterId +
          ", userControlSetTop=" + userControlSetTop +
          ", visible=" + visible +
          ", children=" + children +
          '}';
    }
  }
  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "Data{" +
        "errorCode=" + errorCode +
        ", errorMsg='" + errorMsg + '\'' +
        ", data=" + data +
        '}';
  }
}

定义统一管理类

public class HttpHelper implements IHttpLoader {
  private static IHttpLoader mHttpLoader;
  private HttpHelper() {
  }
  public static void init(IHttpLoader httpLoader) {
    mHttpLoader = httpLoader;
  }
  public static HttpHelper obtain() {
    return HttpHelperHolder.INSTANCE;
  }
  static class HttpHelperHolder {
    private static HttpHelper INSTANCE = new HttpHelper();
  }
  @Override
  public void get(String url, Map<String, Object> params, IHttpCallback callback) {
    mHttpLoader.get(url, params, callback);
  }
  @Override
  public void post(String url, Map<String, Object> params, IHttpCallback callback) {
    mHttpLoader.post(url, params, callback);
  }
}

在Application中初始化

定义一个继承自Application的类，在onCreate方法中初始化网络访问

public class App extends Application {
  @Override
  public void onCreate() {
    super.onCreate();
//    HttpHelper.init(new OkHttpLoader());
    HttpHelper.init(new VolleyHttpLoader(this));
  }
}

后续如果需要切换网络框架，只需要在这里修改就可以了。

应用

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
  private static final String URL_HTTP = "https://www.wanandroid.com/wxarticle/chapters/json";
  private ImageView mIv;
  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    mTv = findViewById(R.id.tv);
    findViewById(R.id.btn_get).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
      @Override
      public void onClick(View v) {
        HttpHelper.obtain().get(URL_HTTP, null, new HttpCallback<Data>() {
          @Override
          public void onFailed(final String msg) {
            runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
              @Override
              public void run() {
                mTv.setText(msg);
              }
            });
          }
          @Override
          public void onSuccess(final Data data) {
            runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
              @Override
              public void run() {
                mTv.setText(data.toString());
              }
            });
          }
        });
      }
    });
  }
}

结束

这里介绍的，其实只是一个封装的思路。基于这个思路，还可以封装常用的图片访问库等。可以自由拓展。

源码地址：https://GitHub.com/milovetingting/Samples/tree/master/Loader

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