SpringMVC如何实现文件上传下载

本篇内容主要讲解“springMVC如何实现文件上传下载”，感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷，实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习“springmvc如何实现文件上传下载”吧!

一、通用配置

pom.xml

    <dependencies>        <!-- SpringMVC -->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-WEBmvc</artifactId>            <version>5.3.13</version>        </dependency>        <!-- 日志 -->        <dependency>            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>            <version>1.2.3</version>        </dependency>        <!-- Servletapi -->        <dependency>            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>            <version>4.0.1</version>            <scope>provided</scope>        </dependency>        <!-- Spring5和Thymeleaf整合包 -->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>            <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId>            <version>3.0.12.RELEASE</version>        </dependency>        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-fileupload/commons-fileupload -->        <dependency>            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>            <version>1.3.1</version>        </dependency><!--        springMVC end-->        <!--    导入spring坐标-->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>            <version>5.3.11</version>        </dependency><!--        导入测试坐标-->        <dependency>            <groupId>junit</groupId>            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>            <version>4.12</version>            <scope>test</scope>        </dependency>        <!--    测试坐标--><!--        导入集成测试坐标-->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>            <version>5.3.13</version>        </dependency>        <!--        集成测试坐标end-->        <!--        导入mysql坐标-->        <dependency>            <groupId>Mysql</groupId>            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>            <version>8.0.24</version>        </dependency>        <!--        mysql坐标end-->        <!--        导入druid连接池-->        <dependency>            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>            <version>1.2.8</version>        </dependency>        <!--        导入druid连接池end-->        <!--        导入spring上下文-->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>            <version>5.3.11</version>        </dependency>        <!--        导入spring上下文end--><!--        导入spring web开发api start-->        <dependency>            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>            <version>4.0.1</version>            <scope>provided</scope>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>            <version>2.3.3</version>        </dependency>        <!--        导入spring web开发end--><!--        导入jackson的依赖-->        <dependency>            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>            <version>2.12.1</version>        </dependency>        <!--上传功能的关键jar -->        <!-- Https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-fileupload/commons-fileupload -->        <dependency>            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>            <version>1.3.1</version>        </dependency>    </dependencies>

上传功能的关键jar

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"         version="4.0">    <!--配置springMVC的编码过滤器-->    <!--    SpringMVC中处理编码的过滤器一定要配置到其他过滤器之前，否则无效-->    <!-- 字符集过滤器 -->    <filter>        <description>字符集过滤器</description>        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>        <init-param>            <description>字符集编码</description>            <param-name>encoding</param-name>            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>        </init-param>        <init-param>            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>            <param-value>true</param-value>        </init-param>    </filter>    <!-- 字符集拦截 -->    <filter-mapping>        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>    </filter-mapping>    <filter>        <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>    </filter>    <filter-mapping>        <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>    </filter-mapping>    <!--    注册前端控制器DispatcherServlet-->    <servlet>        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>        <init-param>            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>            <param-value>classpath:springMVC.xml</param-value>        </init-param>        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>    </servlet>    <servlet-mapping>        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>    </servlet-mapping></web-app>

springMVC.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">    <!--    扫描组件-->    <context:component-scan base-package="com.vector"/>    <!-- 配置Thymeleaf视图解析器 -->    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver">        <property name="order" value="1"/>        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>        <property name="templateEngine">            <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine">                <property name="templateResolver">                    <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver">                        <!-- 视图前缀 -->                        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/templates/"/>                        <!-- 视图后缀 -->                        <property name="suffix" value=".html"/>                        <property name="templateMode" value="HTML5"/>                        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8" />                    </bean>                </property>            </bean>        </property>    </bean>    <!-- 处理响应中文内容乱码 -->    <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">        <property name="defaultCharset" value="UTF-8" />        <property name="supportedMediaTypes">            <list>                <value>text/html</value>                <value>application/JSON</value>            </list>        </property>    </bean>    <mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="index"/>    <mvc:view-controller path="/file" view-name="file"/>    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>    <mvc:annotation-driven/>    <!--必须通过文件解析器的解析才能将文件转换为MultipartFile对象-->    <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"></bean></beans>

实现页面跳转,Vue文件解析,上传内容解析的关键

file.html内容demo

<body><a th:href="@{/testDown}" rel="external nofollow" >下载1.jpg</a><fORM th:action="@{/testUp}" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">    头像: <input type="file" name="photo"><br>    <input type="submit" value="上传"></form></body>

二、实现文件下载,上传功能

package com.vector.controller;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;import javax.annotation.Resource;import javax.servlet.ServletContext;import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;import java.io.File;import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.util.UUID;@Controllerpublic class FileUpAndDownController {    @RequestMapping("/testDown")    public ResponseEntity<byte[]> testResponseEntity(HttpSession session) throws IOException {        //获取ServletContext对象        ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();        //获取服务器中文件的真实路径        String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/static/img/1.jpg");        //创建输入流        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(realPath);        //创建字节数组        byte[] bytes = new byte[is.available()];        //将流读到字节数组中        is.read(bytes);        //创建HttpHeaders对象设置响应头信息        MultiValueMap<String, String> headers = new HttpHeaders();        //设置要下载方式以及下载文件的名字        //Content-Disposition 固定回复内容格式  attachment以附件形式下载  filename=1.jpg文件名        //可以将filename拼接为动态命名        headers.add("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=1.jpg");        //设置响应状态码        HttpStatus statusCode = HttpStatus.OK;        //创建ResponseEntity对象        ResponseEntity<byte[]> responseEntity = new ResponseEntity<>(bytes, headers, statusCode);        //关闭输入流        is.close();        return responseEntity;    }    @RequestMapping("/testUp")    public String testUp(@Value("multipartResolver") MultipartFile photo,HttpSession session) throws IOException {        //获取上传的文件的文件名        String fileName = photo.getOriginalFilename();        //处理文件重名问题        //重名问题是java.io中写入同一文件默认覆盖原文件内容导致图片被覆盖.        //获取文件名后缀        String suffixName = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("."));        //将UUID作为文件名  uuid是32位随机数,几乎不可能会重复        fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString() + suffixName;        //获取服务器中photo目录的路径        ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();        String photoPath = servletContext.getRealPath("photo");        File file = new File(photoPath);        //判断服务器是否存在该路径        if(!file.exists()){            file.mkdir();        }        String finalPath = photoPath + File.separator + fileName;        //实现上传功能        photo.transferTo(new File(finalPath));        return "success";    }}

下载功能测试

上传功能测试

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