python自带help功能怎么使用

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python help使用

C:\Users\wusong>pythonPython 3.8.2rc1 (tags/v3.8.2rc1:8623e68, Feb 11 2020, 10:46:21) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more infORMation.>>>

输入help()

>>> helpType help() for interactive help, or help(object) for help about object.>>> help()Welcome to Python 3.8's help utility!If this is your first time using Python, you should definitely check outthe tutorial on the Internet at https://docs.python.org/3.8/tutorial/.Enter the name of any module, keyWord, or topic to get help on writingPython programs and using Python modules.  To quit this help utility andreturn to the interpreter, just type "quit".To get a list of available modules, keywords, symbols, or topics, type"modules", "keywords", "symbols", or "topics".  Each module also comeswith a one-line summary of what it does; to list the modules whose nameor summary contain a given string such as "spam", type "modules spam".help>

这句话：To get a list of available modules, keywords, symbols, or topics, type "modules", "keywords", "symbols", or "topics".

意思就是：

要获取可用模块、关键字、符号或主题的列表，请键入 “模块”、“关键字”、“符号”或“主题”。

modules

我们先看下modules

在help模式下输入：modules

help> modulesPlease wait a moment while I gather a list of all available modules...D:\software_install\python\lib\pkgutil.py:92: UserWarning: The numpy.array_api submodule is still experimental. See NEP 47.  __import__(info.name)PIL                 asyncpg             idna                seleniumPyInstaller         atexit              imaplib             serialPyQt5               atlastk             imghdr              setuptools__future__          attr                imp                 shelve_abc                attrs               importlib           shlex_ast                audioop             inspect             shutil_asyncio            backports           io                  signal_bisect             base64              ipaddress           simpleJSON_blake2             bcrypt              itertools           site_bootlocale         bdb                 jinja2              six_bz2                billiard            json                smtpd_cffi_backend       binascii            keyword             smtplib_codecs             binhex              kiwisolver          sndhdr_codecs_cn          bisect              kombu               sniffio_codecs_hk          broadcaster         lib2to3             Socket_codecs_iso2022     builtins            libfuturize         socketserver_codecs_jp          bz2                 libpasteurize       socks_codecs_kr          cProfile            linecache           sockshandler_codecs_tw          calendar            locale              sortedcontainers_collections        celery              logging             sqlalchemy_collections_abc    certifi             loguru              sqlite3_compat_pickle      cffi                lzma                sqlparse_compression        cgi                 mailbox             sre_compile_contextvars        cgitb               mailcap             sre_constants_csv                charset_normalizer  markupsafe          sre_parse_ctypes             chunk               marshal             ssl_ctypes_test        click               math                starlette_datetime           click_didyoumean    matplotlib          stat_decimal            click_plugins       mimetypes           statistics_dummy_thread       click_repl          mmap                string_elementtree        cmath               modulefinder        stringprep_functools          cmd                 msilib              struct_hashlib            code                msvcrt              subprocess_heapq              codecs              multiprocessing     sunau_imp                codeop              nacl                symbol_io                 collections         netrc               symtable_json               colorama            nntplib             sys_locale             colorsys            nt                  sysconfig_lsprof             compileall          ntpath              tabnanny_lzma               concurrent          nturl2path          tarfile_markupbase         configparser        numbers             telnetlib_md5                contextlib          numpy               tempfile_msi                contextvars         opcode              test_multibytecodec     contourpy           operator            textwrap_multiprocessing    copy                optparse            tftpy_opcode             copyreg             ordered_set         this_operator           crypt               ordlookup           threading_osx_support        cryptography        os                  time_overlapped         csv                 outcome             timeit_pickle             ctypes              packaging           tkinter_py_abc             curses              paramiko            token_pydecimal          cv2                 parser              tokenize_pyinstaller_hooks_contrib cycler              past                tortoise_pyio               databases           pathlib             trace_queue              dataclasses         pdb                 traceback_random             datetime            pefile              tracemalloc_ruamel_yaml        dateutil            peutils             trio_sha1               dbm                 pickle              trio_websocket_sha256             decimal             pickletools         tty_sha3               deepdiff            pip                 turtle_sha512             difflib             pipes               turtledemo_signal             dis                 pkg_resources       types_sitebuiltins       distlib             pkgutil             typing_socket             distutils           platform            typing_extensions_sqlite3            Django              platformdirs        tzdata_sre                doctest             plistlib            unicodedata_ssl                dotenv              poplib              unittest_stat               dummy_threading     posixpath           urllib_statistics         easy_install        pprint              urllib3_string             email               prettytable         uu_strptime           encodings           profile             uuid_struct             ensurepip           prompt_toolkit      uvicorn_symtable           enum                pstats              venv_testbuffer         errno               psutil              vine_testcapi           fastapi             pty                 virtualenv_testconsole        faulthandler        py_compile          warnings_testimportmultiple filecmp             pyclbr              watchfiles_testmultiphase     fileinput           pycparser           wave_thread             filelock            pydantic            wcwidth_threading_local    fnmatch             pydoc               weakref_tkinter            fontTools           pydoc_data          WEBbrowser_tracemalloc        formatter           pyecharts           websockets_warnings           fractions           pyexpat             win32_setctime_weakref            ftplib              pylab               win32ctypes_weakrefset         functools           pyparsing           winreg_winapi             future              pyqt5_plugins       winsound_xxsubinterpreters  GC                  pyqt5_tools         wsgiref_yaml               genericpath         pytz                wsprotoabc                 getopt              qt5_applications    xdrlibaifc                getpass             qt5_tools           xlrdaltgraph            gettext             queue               xlwtaMQp                glob                quopri              xmlantigravity         greenlet            random              xmlrpcanyio               gzip                re                  xxsubtypeargparse            h21                 reprlib             yamlarray               hashlib             requests            zipappasgiref             heapq               rlcompleter         zipfileast                 hMac                runpy               zipimportasync_generator     html                sched               zlibasynchat            Http                secretsasyncio             httptools           selectasyncore            idlelib             selectorsEnter any module name to get more help.  Or, type "modules spam" to searchfor modules whose name or summary contain the string "spam".help>

从这里可以看出还是有相当多的模块，比如我们常用的re,xlrd当然也有我们后期安装的；挑一个进去看看，有啥风景，就挑xlrd

help> xlrdHelp on package xlrd:NAME    xlrdDESCRIPTION    # Copyright (c) 2005-2012 Stephen John Machin, Lingfo Pty Ltd    # This module is part of the xlrd package, which is released under a    # BSD-style licence.PACKAGE CONTENTS    biffh    book    compdoc    formatting    formula    info    sheet    timemachine    xldateFUNCTIONS    count_records(filename, outfile=<colorama.ansitowin32.StreamWrapper object at 0x000001D26AC13D00>)        For debugging and analysis: summarise the file's BIFF records.        ie: produce a sorted file of ``(record_name, count)``.        :param filename: The path to the file to be summarised.        :param outfile: An open file, to which the summary is written.-- More  -- 行数:

这里面会详细介绍xlrd模块的名字，描述，模块目录、功能、版本、文件位置等信息，在最后一行看到-- More -- ，这是一个分页符，表示当前页面不能全部显示所有信息，需要部分分页操作，可以使用空格键切换下一页，也可以使用回车键看下一行，看你自己的需求进行操作，如果不想看了可输入q退出阅读模式，进入help模式，再输入q则可以继续退出help模式；

help> qYou are now leaving help and returning to the Python interpreter.If you want to ask for help on a particular object directly from theinterpreter, you can type "help(object)".  Executing "help('string')"has the same effect as typing a particular string at the help> prompt.>>>

keywords

再看下我们后面会常说的关键字

help> keywordsHere is a list of the Python keywords.  Enter any keyword to get more help.False               class               from                orNone                continue            global              passTrue                def                 if                  raiseand                 del                 import              returnas                  elif                in                  tryassert              else                is                  whileasync               except              lambda              withawait               finally             nonlocal            yieldbreak               for                 not

symbols

这个是罗列了我们在python语言中涉及的运算符

help> symbolsHere is a list of the punctuation symbols which Python assigns special meaningto. Enter any symbol to get more help.!=                  +                   <=                  __"                   +=                  <>                  `"""                 ,                   ==                  b"%                   -                   >                   b'%=                  -=                  >=                  f"&                   .                   >>                  f'&=                  ...                 >>=                 j'                   /                   @                   r"'''                 //                  J                   r'(                   //=                 [                   u")                   /=                  \                   u'*                   :                   ]                   |**                  <                   ^                   |=**=                 <<                  ^=                  ~*=                  <<=                 _

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