Oracle12c启动数据库报错：ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

单实例oracle12102安装完成后，startup报错：

[oracle@rac01 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Sat Sep 16 15:04:46 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup

ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/dbs/inittestdb1.ora'

1、在/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/dbs/目录下，无法找到inittestdb1.ora文件。

2、将/oracle/app/oracle/admin/testdb/pfile/init.ora.816201714541文件复制到

   /oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/dbs/目录下,并改名为：inittestdb1.ora

$cp init.ora.816201714541 /oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/dbs/inittestdb1.ora

3、sqlplus "/as sysdba"

  startup启动数据库成功