一、代码

1、爬虫_urllib_基本使用

# 使用urllib来获取百度首页的源码import urllib.request# (1)定义一个url  就是你要访问的地址url = 'Http://www.baidu.com'# (2)模拟浏览器向服务器发送请求 response响应response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)# （3）获取响应中的页面的源码  content 内容的意思# read方法  返回的是字节形式的二进制数据# 我们要将二进制的数据转换为字符串# 二进制--》字符串  解码  decode('编码的格式')content = response.read().decode('utf-8')# （4）打印数据print(content)

2、爬虫_urllib_1个类型和6个方法

import urllib.requesturl = 'http://www.baidu.com'# 模拟浏览器向服务器发送请求response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)# 一个类型和六个方法# response是HTTPResponse的类型# print(type(response))# 按照一个字节一个字节的去读# content = response.read()# print(content)# 返回多少个字节# content = response.read(5)# print(content)# 读取一行# content = response.readline()# print(content)# content = response.readlines()# print(content)# 返回状态码  如果是200了 那么就证明我们的逻辑没有错# print(response.getcode())# 返回的是url地址# print(response.geturl())# 获取是一个状态信息print(response.getheaders())# 一个类型 HTTPResponse# 六个方法 read  readline  readlines  getcode geturl getheaders

3、爬虫_urllib_下载

import urllib.request# 下载网页# url_page = 'http://www.baidu.com'# url代表的是下载的路径  filename文件的名字# 在python中 可以变量的名字  也可以直接写值# urllib.request.urlretrieve(url_page,'baidu.html')# 下载图片# url_img = 'https://file.lsjlt.com/upload/f/202308/31/abne331apgy.jpg'## urllib.request.urlretrieve(url= url_img,filename='lisa.jpg')# 下载视频url_video = 'https://vd3.bdstatic.com/mda-mhkku4ndaka5etk3/1080p/cae_h264/1629557146541497769/mda-mhkku4ndaka5etk3.mp4?v_from_s=hkapp-haokan-tucheng&auth_key=1629687514-0-0-7ed57ed7d1168bb1f06d18a4ea214300&bcevod_channel=searchbox_feed&pd=1&pt=3&abtest='urllib.request.urlretrieve(url_video,'hxekyyds.mp4')

4、爬虫_urllib_请求对象的定制

import urllib.requesturl = 'https://www.baidu.com'# url的组成# https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=周杰伦# http/https    www.baidu.com   80/443     s      wd = 周杰伦     ##    协议             主机        端口号     路径     参数           锚点# http   80# https  443# Mysql  3306# oracle 1521# Redis  6379# mongoDB 27017headers = {    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWEBKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'}# 因为urlopen方法中不能存储字典 所以headers不能传递进去# 请求对象的定制request = urllib.request.Request(url=url,headers=headers)response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)content = response.read().decode('utf8')print(content)

5、爬虫_urllib_get请求的quote方法

# https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E5%91%A8%E6%9D%B0%E4%BC%A6# 需求 获取 https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=周杰伦的网页源码import urllib.requestimport urllib.parseurl = 'https://www.baidu.com/s?wd='# 请求对象的定制为了解决反爬的第一种手段headers = {    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'}# 将周杰伦三个字变成unicode编码的格式# 我们需要依赖于urllib.parsename = urllib.parse.quote('周杰伦')url = url + name# 请求对象的定制request = urllib.request.Request(url=url,headers=headers)# 模拟浏览器向服务器发送请求response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)# 获取响应的内容content = response.read().decode('utf-8')# 打印数据print(content)

6、爬虫_urllib_get请求的urlencode方法

# urlencode应用场景：多个参数的时候# https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=周杰伦&sex=男# import urllib.parse## data = {#     'wd':'周杰伦',#     'sex':'男',#     'location':'中国台湾省'# }## a = urllib.parse.urlencode(data)# print(a)#获取https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E5%91%A8%E6%9D%B0%E4%BC%A6&sex=%E7%94%B7的网页源码import urllib.requestimport urllib.parsebase_url = 'https://www.baidu.com/s?'data = {    'wd':'周杰伦',    'sex':'男',    'location':'中国台湾省'}new_data = urllib.parse.urlencode(data)# 请求资源路径url = base_url + new_dataheaders = {    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'}# 请求对象的定制request = urllib.request.Request(url=url,headers=headers)# 模拟浏览器向服务器发送请求response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)# 获取网页源码的数据content = response.read().decode('utf-8')# 打印数据print(content)

7、爬虫_urllib_post请求百度翻译

# post请求import urllib.requestimport urllib.parseurl = 'https://fanyi.baidu.com/sug'headers = {    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'}data = {    'kw':'spider'}# post请求的参数 必须要进行编码data = urllib.parse.urlencode(data).encode('utf-8')# post的请求的参数 是不会拼接在url的后面的  而是需要放在请求对象定制的参数中# post请求的参数 必须要进行编码request = urllib.request.Request(url=url,data=data,headers=headers)# 模拟浏览器向服务器发送请求response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)# 获取响应的数据content = response.read().decode('utf-8')# 字符串--》JSON对象import jsonobj = json.loads(content)print(obj)# post请求方式的参数 必须编码   data = urllib.parse.urlencode(data)# 编码之后 必须调用encode方法 data = urllib.parse.urlencode(data).encode('utf-8')# 参数是放在请求对象定制的方法中  request = urllib.request.Request(url=url,data=data,headers=headers)

8、爬虫_urllib_post请求百度翻译之详细翻译

import urllib.requestimport urllib.parseurl = 'https://fanyi.baidu.com/v2transapi?from=en&to=zh'headers = {    # 'Accept': '**;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9',# 'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br','accept-language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9','cache-control': 'max-age=0',#     cookie中携带着你的登陆信息   如果有登陆之后的cookie  那么我们就可以携带着cookie进入到任何页面'cookie': '_T_WM=24c44910ba98d188fced94ba0da5960e; SUBP=0033WrSXqPxfM725Ws9jqgMF55529P9D9WFxxfgNNUmXi4YiaYZKr_J_5NHD95QcSh-pSh.pSKncWs4DqcjiqgSXIgvVPcpD; SUB=_2A25MKKG_DeRhGeBK7lMV-S_JwzqIHXVv0s_3rDV6PUJbktCOLXL2kW1NR6e0UHkCGCyvxTYyKB2OV9aloJJ7mUNz; SSOLoginState=1630327279',# referer  判断当前路径是不是由上一个路径进来的    一般情况下 是做图片防盗链'referer': 'https://weibo.cn/','sec-ch-ua': '"Chromium";v="92", " Not A;Brand";v="99", "Google Chrome";v="92"','sec-ch-ua-mobile': '?0','sec-fetch-dest': 'document','sec-fetch-mode': 'navigate','sec-fetch-site': 'same-origin','sec-fetch-user': '?1','upgrade-insecure-requests': '1','user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36',}# 请求对象的定制request = urllib.request.Request(url=url,headers=headers)# 模拟浏览器向服务器发送请求response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)# 获取响应的数据content = response.read().decode('utf-8')# 将数据保存到本地with open('weibo.html','w',encoding='utf-8')as fp:    fp.write(content)

14、爬虫_urllib_handler处理器的基本使用

# 需求 使用handler来访问百度  获取网页源码import urllib.requesturl = 'http://www.baidu.com'headers = {    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'}request = urllib.request.Request(url = url,headers = headers)# handler   build_opener  open# （1）获取hanlder对象handler = urllib.request.HTTPHandler()# （2）获取opener对象opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler)# (3) 调用open方法response = opener.open(request)content = response.read().decode('utf-8')print(content)

15、爬虫_urllib_代理

import urllib.requesturl = 'http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=ip'headers = {    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'}# 请求对象的定制request = urllib.request.Request(url = url,headers= headers)# 模拟浏览器访问服务器# response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)proxies = {    'http':'118.24.219.151:16817'}# handler  build_opener  openhandler = urllib.request.ProxyHandler(proxies = proxies)opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler)response = opener.open(request)# 获取响应的信息content = response.read().decode('utf-8')# 保存with open('daili.html','w',encoding='utf-8')as fp:    fp.write(content)

16、爬虫_urllib_代理池

import urllib.requestproxies_pool = [    {'http':'118.24.219.151:16817'},    {'http':'118.24.219.151:16817'},]import randomproxies = random.choice(proxies_pool)url = 'http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=ip'headers = {    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'}request = urllib.request.Request(url = url,headers=headers)handler = urllib.request.ProxyHandler(proxies=proxies)opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler)response = opener.open(request)content = response.read().decode('utf-8')with open('daili.html','w',encoding='utf-8')as fp:    fp.write(content)

17、爬虫_解析_xpath的基本使用

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>    <meta charset="UTF-8"/>    <title>Title</title></head><body>    <ul>        <li id="l1" class="c1">北京</li>        <li id="l2">上海</li>        <li id="c3">深圳</li>        <li id="c4">武汉</li>    </ul><!--    <ul>--><!--        <li>大连</li>--><!--        <li>锦州</li>--><!--        <li>沈阳</li>--><!--    </ul>--></body></html>

18、爬虫_解析_xpath的基本使用

from lxml import etree# xpath解析# （1）本地文件                    etree.parse# （2）服务器响应的数据  response.read().decode('utf-8') *****   etree.HTML()# xpath解析本地文件tree = etree.parse('爬虫_解析_xpath的基本使用.html')#tree.xpath('xpath路径')# 查找ul下面的li# li_list = tree.xpath('//body/ul/li')# 查找所有有id的属性的li标签# text()获取标签中的内容# li_list = tree.xpath('//ul/li[@id]/text()')# 找到id为l1的li标签  注意引号的问题# li_list = tree.xpath('//ul/li[@id="l1"]/text()')# 查找到id为l1的li标签的class的属性值# li = tree.xpath('//ul/li[@id="l1"]/@class')# 查询id中包含l的li标签# li_list = tree.xpath('//ul/li[contains(@id,"l")]/text()')# 查询id的值以l开头的li标签# li_list = tree.xpath('//ul/li[starts-with(@id,"c")]/text()')#查询id为l1和class为c1的# li_list = tree.xpath('//ul/li[@id="l1" and @class="c1"]/text()')li_list = tree.xpath('//ul/li[@id="l1"]/text() | //ul/li[@id="l2"]/text()')# 判断列表的长度print(li_list)print(len(li_list))

19、爬虫_解析_获取百度网站的百度一下

# （1） 获取网页的源码# （2） 解析   解析的服务器响应的文件  etree.HTML# (3)  打印import urllib.requesturl = 'https://www.baidu.com/'headers = {    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'}# 请求对象的定制request = urllib.request.Request(url = url,headers = headers)# 模拟浏览器访问服务器response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)# 获取网页源码content = response.read().decode('utf-8')# 解析网页源码 来获取我们想要的数据from lxml import etree# 解析服务器响应的文件tree = etree.HTML(content)# 获取想要的数据  xpath的返回值是一个列表类型的数据result = tree.xpath('//input[@id="su"]/@value')[0]print(result)

20、爬虫_解析_站长素材

# (1) 请求对象的定制# （2）获取网页的源码# （3）下载# 需求 下载的前十页的图片# https://sc.chinaz.com/tupian/qinglvtupian.html   1# https://sc.chinaz.com/tupian/qinglvtupian_page.htmlimport urllib.requestfrom lxml import etreedef create_request(page):    if(page == 1):        url = 'https://sc.chinaz.com/tupian/qinglvtupian.html'    else:        url = 'https://sc.chinaz.com/tupian/qinglvtupian_' + str(page) + '.html'    headers = {        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36',    }    request = urllib.request.Request(url = url, headers = headers)    return requestdef get_content(request):    response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)    content = response.read().decode('utf-8')    return contentdef down_load(content):#     下载图片    # urllib.request.urlretrieve('图片地址','文件的名字')    tree = etree.HTML(content)    name_list = tree.xpath('//div[@id="container"]//a/img/@alt')    # 一般设计图片的网站都会进行懒加载    src_list = tree.xpath('//div[@id="container"]//a/img/@src2')    for i in range(len(name_list)):        name = name_list[i]        src = src_list[i]        url = 'https:' + src        urllib.request.urlretrieve(url=url,filename='./loveImg/' + name + '.jpg')if __name__ == '__main__':    start_page = int(input('请输入起始页码'))    end_page = int(input('请输入结束页码'))    for page in range(start_page,end_page+1):        # (1) 请求对象的定制        request = create_request(page)        # （2）获取网页的源码        content = get_content(request)        # （3）下载        down_load(content)

21、爬虫_解析_jsonpath

{ "store": {    "book": [      { "category": "修真",        "author": "六道",        "title": "坏蛋是怎样练成的",        "price": 8.95      },      { "category": "修真",        "author": "天蚕土豆",        "title": "斗破苍穹",        "price": 12.99      },      { "category": "修真",        "author": "唐家三少",        "title": "斗罗大陆",        "isbn": "0-553-21311-3",        "price": 8.99      },      { "category": "修真",        "author": "南派三叔",        "title": "星辰变",        "isbn": "0-395-19395-8",        "price": 22.99      }    ],    "bicycle": {      "author": "老马",      "color": "黑色",      "price": 19.95    }  }}

22、爬虫_解析_jsonpath

import jsonimport jsonpathobj = json.load(open('爬虫_解析_jsonpath.json','r',encoding='utf-8'))# 书店所有书的作者# author_list = jsonpath.jsonpath(obj,'$.store.book[*].author')# print(author_list)# 所有的作者# author_list = jsonpath.jsonpath(obj,'$..author')# print(author_list)# store下面的所有的元素# tag_list = jsonpath.jsonpath(obj,'$.store.*')# print(tag_list)# store里面所有东西的price# price_list = jsonpath.jsonpath(obj,'$.store..price')# print(price_list)# 第三个书# book = jsonpath.jsonpath(obj,'$..book[2]')# print(book)# 最后一本书# book = jsonpath.jsonpath(obj,'$..book[(@.length-1)]')# print(book)# 前面的两本书# book_list = jsonpath.jsonpath(obj,'$..book[0,1]')# book_list = jsonpath.jsonpath(obj,'$..book[:2]')# print(book_list)# 条件过滤需要在（）的前面添加一个？#  过滤出所有的包含isbn的书。# book_list = jsonpath.jsonpath(obj,'$..book[?(@.isbn)]')# print(book_list)# 哪本书超过了10块钱book_list = jsonpath.jsonpath(obj,'$..book[?(@.price>10)]')print(book_list)

23、爬虫_解析_jsonpath解析淘票票

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24、爬虫_解析_jsonpath解析淘票票

import urllib.requesturl = 'https://dianying.taobao.com/cityAction.json?activityId&_ksTS=1629789477003_137&jsoncallback=jsonp138&action=cityAction&n_s=new&event_submit_doGetAllRegion=true'headers = {    # ':authority': 'dianying.taobao.com',    # ':method': 'GET',    # ':path': '/cityAction.json?activityId&_ksTS=1629789477003_137&jsoncallback=jsonp138&action=cityAction&n_s=new&event_submit_doGetAllRegion=true',    # ':scheme': 'https',    'accept': 'text/javascript, application/javascript, application/ecmascript, application/x-ecmascript, */*; q=0.01',    # 'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',    'accept-language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',    'cookie': 'cna=UkO6F8VULRwCAXTqq7dbS5A8; miid=949542021157939863; sgcookie=E100F01JK9XMmyoZRigjfmZKExNdRHQqPf4v9NIWIC1nnpnxyNgROLshAf0gz7lGnkKvwCnu1umyfirMSAWtubqc4g%3D%3D; tracknick=action_li; _cc_=UIHiLt3xSw%3D%3D; enc=dA18hg7jG1xapfVGPHoQCAkPQ4as1%2FEUqsG4M6AcAjHFFUM54HWpBv4AAm0MbQgqO%2BiZ5qkUeLIxljrHkOW%2BtQ%3D%3D; hng=CN%7Czh-CN%7CCNY%7C156; thw=cn; _m_h5_tk=3ca69de1b9ad7dce614840fcd015dcdb_1629776735568; _m_h5_tk_enc=ab56df54999d1d2cac2f82753ae29f82; t=874e6ce33295bf6b95cfcfaff0af0db6; xlly_s=1; cookie2=13acd8f4dafac4f7bd2177d6710d60fe; v=0; _tb_token_=e65ebbe536158; tfstk=cGhRB7mNpnxkDmUx7YpDAMNM2gTGZbWLxUZN9U4ulewe025didli6j5AFPI8MEC..; l=eBrgmF1cOsMXqSxaBO5aFurza77tzIRb8sPzaNbMiInca6OdtFt_rNCK2Ns9SdtjgtfFBetPVKlOcRCEF3apbgiMW_N-1NKDSxJ6-; isg=BBoas2yXLzHdGp3pCh7XVmpja8A8S54lyLj1RySTHq14l7vRDNufNAjpZ2MLRxa9',    'referer': 'https://dianying.taobao.com/',    'sec-ch-ua': '"Chromium";v="92", " Not A;Brand";v="99", "Google Chrome";v="92"',    'sec-ch-ua-mobile': '?0',    'sec-fetch-dest': 'empty',    'sec-fetch-mode': 'cors',    'sec-fetch-site': 'same-origin',    'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36',    'x-requested-with': 'XMLHttpRequest',}request = urllib.request.Request(url = url, headers = headers)response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)content = response.read().decode('utf-8')# split 切割content = content.split('(')[1].split(')')[0]with open('爬虫_解析_jsonpath解析淘票票.json','w',encoding='utf-8')as fp:    fp.write(content)import jsonimport jsonpathobj = json.load(open('爬虫_解析_jsonpath解析淘票票.json','r',encoding='utf-8'))city_list = jsonpath.jsonpath(obj,'$..regionName')print(city_list)

25、爬虫_解析_bs4的基本使用

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>    <meta charset="UTF-8">    <title>Title</title></head><body>    <div>        <ul>            <li id="l1">张三</li>            <li id="l2">李四</li>            <li>王五</li>            <a href="" id="" class="a1">123</a>            <span>嘿嘿嘿</span>        </ul>    </div>    <a href="" title="a2">百度</a>    <div id="d1">        <span>            哈哈哈        </span>    </div>    <p id="p1" class="p1">呵呵呵</p></body></html>

26、爬虫_解析_bs4的基本使用

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup# 通过解析本地文件 来将bs4的基础语法进行讲解# 默认打开的文件的编码格式是gbk 所以在打开文件的时候需要指定编码soup = BeautifulSoup(open('爬虫_解析_bs4的基本使用.html',encoding='utf-8'),'lxml')# 根据标签名查找节点# 找到的是第一个符合条件的数据# print(soup.a)# 获取标签的属性和属性值# print(soup.a.attrs)# bs4的一些函数# （1）find# 返回的是第一个符合条件的数据# print(soup.find('a'))# 根据title的值来找到对应的标签对象# print(soup.find('a',title="a2"))# 根据class的值来找到对应的标签对象  注意的是class需要添加下划线# print(soup.find('a',class_="a1"))# （2）find_all  返回的是一个列表 并且返回了所有的a标签# print(soup.find_all('a'))# 如果想获取的是多个标签的数据 那么需要在find_all的参数中添加的是列表的数据# print(soup.find_all(['a','span']))# limit的作用是查找前几个数据# print(soup.find_all('li',limit=2))# （3）select（推荐）# select方法返回的是一个列表  并且会返回多个数据# print(soup.select('a'))# 可以通过.代表class  我们把这种操作叫做类选择器# print(soup.select('.a1'))# print(soup.select('#l1'))# 属性选择器---通过属性来寻找对应的标签# 查找到li标签中有id的标签# print(soup.select('li[id]'))# 查找到li标签中id为l2的标签# print(soup.select('li[id="l2"]'))# 层级选择器#  后代选择器# 找到的是div下面的li# print(soup.select('div li'))# 子代选择器#  某标签的第一级子标签# 注意：很多的计算机编程语言中 如果不加空格不会输出内容  但是在bs4中 不会报错 会显示内容# print(soup.select('div > ul > li'))# 找到a标签和li标签的所有的对象# print(soup.select('a,li'))# 节点信息#    获取节点内容# obj = soup.select('#d1')[0]# 如果标签对象中 只有内容 那么string和get_text()都可以使用# 如果标签对象中 除了内容还有标签 那么string就获取不到数据 而get_text()是可以获取数据# 我们一般情况下  推荐使用get_text()# print(obj.string)# print(obj.get_text())# 节点的属性# obj = soup.select('#p1')[0]# name是标签的名字# print(obj.name)# 将属性值左右一个字典返回# print(obj.attrs)# 获取节点的属性obj = soup.select('#p1')[0]print(obj.attrs.get('class'))print(obj.get('class'))print(obj['class'])

27、爬虫_解析_bs4爬取星巴克数据

import urllib.requesturl = 'https://www.starbucks.com.cn/menu/'response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)content = response.read().decode('utf-8')from bs4 import BeautifulSoupsoup = BeautifulSoup(content,'lxml')# //ul[@class="grid padded-3 product"]//strong/text()name_list = soup.select('ul[class="grid padded-3 product"] strong')for name in name_list:    print(name.get_text())

28、爬虫_selenium_为什么要学习selenium

import urllib.requesturl = 'https://www.jd.com/'response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)content = response.read().decode('utf-8')print(content)

29、爬虫_selenium_基本使用

# （1）导入seleniumfrom selenium import webdriver# (2) 创建浏览器操作对象path = 'chromedriver.exe'browser = webdriver.Chrome(path)# （3）访问网站# url = 'https://www.baidu.com'## browser.get(url)url = 'https://www.jd.com/'browser.get(url)# page_source获取网页源码content = browser.page_sourceprint(content)

30、爬虫_selenium_元素定位

from selenium import webdriverpath = 'chromedriver.exe'browser = webdriver.Chrome(path)url = 'https://www.baidu.com'browser.get(url)# 元素定位# 根据id来找到对象# button = browser.find_element_by_id('su')# print(button)# 根据标签属性的属性值来获取对象的# button = browser.find_element_by_name('wd')# print(button)# 根据xpath语句来获取对象# button = browser.find_elements_by_xpath('//input[@id="su"]')# print(button)# 根据标签的名字来获取对象# button = browser.find_elements_by_tag_name('input')# print(button)# 使用的bs4的语法来获取对象# button = browser.find_elements_by_CSS_selector('#su')# print(button)# button = browser.find_element_by_link_text('直播')# print(button)

31、爬虫_selenium_元素信息

from selenium import webdriverpath = 'chromedriver.exe'browser = webdriver.Chrome(path)url = 'http://www.baidu.com'browser.get(url)input = browser.find_element_by_id('su')# 获取标签的属性print(input.get_attribute('class'))# 获取标签的名字print(input.tag_name)# 获取元素文本a = browser.find_element_by_link_text('新闻')print(a.text)

32、爬虫_selenium_交互

from selenium import webdriver# 创建浏览器对象path = 'chromedriver.exe'browser = webdriver.Chrome(path)# urlurl = 'https://www.baidu.com'browser.get(url)import timetime.sleep(2)# 获取文本框的对象input = browser.find_element_by_id('kw')# 在文本框中输入周杰伦input.send_keys('周杰伦')time.sleep(2)# 获取百度一下的按钮button = browser.find_element_by_id('su')# 点击按钮button.click()time.sleep(2)# 滑到底部js_bottom = 'document.documentElement.scrollTop=100000'browser.execute_script(js_bottom)time.sleep(2)# 获取下一页的按钮next = browser.find_element_by_xpath('//a[@class="n"]')# 点击下一页next.click()time.sleep(2)# 回到上一页browser.back()time.sleep(2)# 回去browser.forward()time.sleep(3)# 退出browser.quit()

33、爬虫_selenium_phantomjs的基本使用

from selenium import webdriverpath = 'phantomjs.exe'browser = webdriver.PhantomJS(path)url = 'https://www.baidu.com'browser.get(url)browser.save_screenshot('baidu.png')import timetime.sleep(2)input = browser.find_element_by_id('kw')input.send_keys('昆凌')time.sleep(3)browser.save_screenshot('kunling.png')

34、爬虫_selenium_handless

# from selenium import webdriver# from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options## chrome_options = Options()# chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')# chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')## # path是你自己的chrome浏览器的文件路径# path = r'C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe'# chrome_options.binary_location = path## browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)### url = 'https://www.baidu.com'## browser.get(url)## browser.save_screenshot('baidu.png')# 封装的handlessfrom selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Optionsdef share_browser():    chrome_options = Options()    chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')    chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')    # path是你自己的chrome浏览器的文件路径    path = r'C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe'    chrome_options.binary_location = path    browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)    return browserbrowser = share_browser()url = 'https://www.baidu.com'browser.get(url)

35、爬虫_requests_基本使用

import requestsurl = 'http://www.baidu.com'response = requests.get(url=url)# 一个类型和六个属性# Response类型# print(type(response))# 设置响应的编码格式# response.encoding = 'utf-8'# 以字符串的形式来返回了网页的源码# print(response.text)# 返回一个url地址# print(response.url)# 返回的是二进制的数据# print(response.content)# 返回响应的状态码# print(response.status_code)# 返回的是响应头print(response.headers)

36、爬虫_requests_get请求

# urllib# (1) 一个类型以及六个方法# （2）get请求# （3）post请求   百度翻译# （4）ajax的get请求# （5）ajax的post请求# （6）cookie登陆 微博# （7）代理# requests# (1)一个类型以及六个属性# （2）get请求# （3）post请求# （4）代理# （5）cookie  验证码import requestsurl = 'https://www.baidu.com/s'headers = {    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'}data = {    'wd':'北京'}# url  请求资源路径# params 参数# kwargs 字典response = requests.get(url=url,params=data,headers=headers)content = response.textprint(content)# 总结：# （1）参数使用params传递# （2）参数无需urlencode编码# （3）不需要请求对象的定制# （4）请求资源路径中的？可以加也可以不加

37、爬虫_requests_post请求

import requestsurl = 'https://fanyi.baidu.com/sug'headers = {    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'}data = {    'kw': 'eye'}# url 请求地址# data 请求参数# kwargs 字典response = requests.post(url=url,data=data,headers=headers)content =response.textimport jsonobj = json.loads(content,encoding='utf-8')print(obj)# 总结：# （1）post请求 是不需要编解码# （2）post请求的参数是data# （3）不需要请求对象的定制

38、爬虫_requests_代理

import requestsurl = 'http://www.baidu.com/s?'headers = {    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36',}data = {    'wd':'ip'}proxy = {    'http':'212.129.251.55:16816'}response = requests.get(url = url,params=data,headers = headers,proxies = proxy)content = response.textwith open('daili.html','w',encoding='utf-8')as fp:    fp.write(content)

39、爬虫_requests_cookie登陆古诗文网

# 通过登陆  然后进入到主页面# 通过找登陆接口我们发现 登陆的时候需要的参数很多# _VIEWSTATE: /m1O5dxmOo7f1qlmvtnyNyhhaUrWNVTs3TMKIsm1lvpIgs0WWWUCQHl5iMrvLlwnsqlUN6Wh1aNpitc4WnOt0So3k6UYdFyqCPI6jWSvC8yBA1Q39I7uuR4NjGo=# __VIEWSTATEGENERATOR: C93BE1AE# from: http://so.gushiwen.cn/user/collect.aspx# email: 595165358@qq.com# pwd: action# code: PId7# denglu: 登录# 我们观察到_VIEWSTATE   __VIEWSTATEGENERATOR  code是一个可以变化的量# 难点:(1)_VIEWSTATE   __VIEWSTATEGENERATOR  一般情况看不到的数据 都是在页面的源码中#     我们观察到这两个数据在页面的源码中 所以我们需要获取页面的源码 然后进行解析就可以获取了#     (2)验证码import requests# 这是登陆页面的url地址url = 'https://so.gushiwen.cn/user/login.aspx?from=http://so.gushiwen.cn/user/collect.aspx'headers = {    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'}# 获取页面的源码response = requests.get(url = url,headers = headers)content = response.text# 解析页面源码  然后获取_VIEWSTATE   __VIEWSTATEGENERATORfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoupsoup = BeautifulSoup(content,'lxml')# 获取_VIEWSTATEviewstate = soup.select('#__VIEWSTATE')[0].attrs.get('value')# 获取__VIEWSTATEGENERATORviewstategenerator = soup.select('#__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR')[0].attrs.get('value')# 获取验证码图片code = soup.select('#imgCode')[0].attrs.get('src')code_url = 'https://so.gushiwen.cn' + code# 有坑# import urllib.request# urllib.request.urlretrieve(url=code_url,filename='code.jpg')# requests里面有一个方法 session（）  通过session的返回值 就能使用请求变成一个对象session = requests.session()# 验证码的url的内容response_code = session.get(code_url)# 注意此时要使用二进制数据  因为我们要使用的是图片的下载content_code = response_code.content# wb的模式就是将二进制数据写入到文件with open('code.jpg','wb')as fp:    fp.write(content_code)# 获取了验证码的图片之后 下载到本地 然后观察验证码  观察之后 然后在控制台输入这个验证码 就可以将这个值给# code的参数 就可以登陆code_name = input('请输入你的验证码')# 点击登陆url_post = 'https://so.gushiwen.cn/user/login.aspx?from=http%3a%2f%2fso.gushiwen.cn%2fuser%2fcollect.aspx'data_post = {    '__VIEWSTATE': viewstate,    '__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR': viewstategenerator,    'from': 'http://so.gushiwen.cn/user/collect.aspx',    'email': '595165358@qq.com',    'pwd': '.....',    'code': code_name,    'denglu': '登录',}response_post = session.post(url = url, headers = headers, data = data_post)content_post = response_post.textwith open('gushiwen.html','w',encoding= ' utf-8')as fp:    fp.write(content_post)# 难点# （1） 隐藏域# （2） 验证码

40、爬虫_requests_超级鹰打码平台的使用

#!/usr/bin/env Python# coding:utf-8import requestsfrom hashlib import md5class Chaojiying_Client(object):    def __init__(self, username, passWord, soft_id):        self.username = username        password =  password.encode('utf8')        self.password = md5(password).hexdigest()        self.soft_id = soft_id        self.base_params = {            'user': self.username,            'pass2': self.password,            'softid': self.soft_id,        }        self.headers = {            'Connection': 'Keep-Alive',            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)',        }    def PostPic(self, im, codetype):        """        im: 图片字节        codetype: 题目类型 参考 http://www.chaojiying.com/price.html        """        params = {            'codetype': codetype,        }        params.update(self.base_params)        files = {'userfile': ('ccc.jpg', im)}        r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/Processing.PHP', data=params, files=files, headers=self.headers)        return r.json()    def ReportError(self, im_id):        """        im_id:报错题目的图片ID        """        params = {            'id': im_id,        }        params.update(self.base_params)        r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/ReportError.php', data=params, headers=self.headers)        return r.json()if __name__ == '__main__':chaojiying = Chaojiying_Client('超级鹰用户名', '超级鹰用户名的密码', '96001')#用户中心>>软件ID 生成一个替换 96001im = open('a.jpg', 'rb').read()#本地图片文件路径 来替换 a.jpg 有时WIN系统须要//print(chaojiying.PostPic(im, 1902))#1902 验证码类型  官方网站>>价格体系 3.4+版 print 后要加()

41、爬虫_scrapy_安装

# （1） pip install scrapy# (2) 报错1： building 'twisted.test.raiser' extension#              error: Microsoft Visual c++ 14.0 is required. Get it with "Microsoft Visual C++#              Build Tools": http://landinghub.visualstudio.com/visual-cpp-build-tools#     解决1#       http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#twisted#       Twisted‑20.3.0‑cp37‑cp37m‑win_amd64.whl#       cp是你的python版本#       amd是你的操作系统的版本#       下载完成之后 使用pip install twisted的路径  安装#       切记安装完twisted 再次安装scrapy# （3） 报错2  提示python -m pip install --upgrade pip#      解决2   运行python -m pip install --upgrade pip# （4） 报错3   win32的错误#      解决3   pip install pypiwin32# （5） anaconda

42、爬虫_scrapy_scrapyshell

# 进入到scrapy shell的终端  直接在window的终端中输入scrapy shell 域名# 如果想看到一些高亮 或者 自动补全  那么可以安装ipython  pip install ipython# scrapy shell www.baidu.com

来源地址：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42740465/article/details/129432188