linux扩展/dev/sda1分区方法

一、准备

1. 扩展虚拟机的磁盘空间

        在虚拟机关闭状态下，点击虚拟机>设置>硬盘>扩展：扩展自己需要的容量。

二、开始扩展

idriver@ubuntu:~$ su                           // 1.切换至root用户root@ubuntu:/home/idriver# fdisk -l            // 2.查看系统的磁盘分区情况root@ubuntu:/home/idriver# df -TH              // 3.查看哪个分区挂载在根目录下Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted onudev           devtmpfs  1.1G     0  1.1G   0% /devtmpfs          tmpfs     207M  6.5M  201M   4% /run/dev/sda1      ext4      212G   43G  160G  22% /tmpfs          tmpfs     1.1G  218k  1.1G   1% /dev/shmtmpfs          tmpfs     5.3M  4.1k  5.3M   1% /run/locktmpfs          tmpfs     1.1G     0  1.1G   0% /sys/fs/cgrouptmpfs          tmpfs     207M   50k  207M   1% /run/user/1000root@ubuntu:/home/idriver# fdisk /dev/sda    // 4.删除其中的所有分区包括 /dev/sda1，然后在重新建立该分区Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.Be careful before using the write command.Command (m for help):// 常用命令：// m获取帮助// n添加新分区// d删除分区// p打印分区表// t更改分区类型// w将分区表写入磁盘并保存Command (m for help): d    // 5.删除分区Selected partition 1Partition 1 has been deleted.Command (m for help): n    // 6.新建分区Partition type   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)   e   extended (container for logical partitions)Select (default p): p    // 7.选择主分区Partition number (1-4, default 1): First sector (2048-419430399, default 2048):     // 默认Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-419430399, default 419430399): //默认Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 200 GiB.Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/sda: 200 GiB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectorsUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisklabel type: dosDisk identifier: 0xe4e5e6cbDevice     Boot Start       End   Sectors  Size Id Type/dev/sda1        2048 419430399 419428352  200G 83 LinuxCommand (m for help): w    // 8.保存The partition table has been altered.Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Re-reading the partition table failed.: Device or resource busyThe kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8).

保存后出现错误：无视它继续往下执行

root@ubuntu:/home/idriver# partprobe /dev/sda    // 9.通知系统内核分区表的变化root@ubuntu:/home/idriver# resize2fs /dev/sda1    // 10.对文件系统进行扩容resize2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)Filesystem at /dev/sda1 is mounted on /; on-line resizing requiredold_desc_blocks = 7, new_desc_blocks = 13The filesystem on /dev/sda1 is now 52428544 (4k) blocks long.root@ubuntu:/home/idriver# df -TH        // 11.查看是否扩容成功Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted onudev           devtmpfs  1.1G     0  1.1G   0% /devtmpfs          tmpfs     207M  6.6M  201M   4% /run/dev/sda1      ext4      212G   43G  160G  22% /tmpfs          tmpfs     1.1G  218k  1.1G   1% /dev/shmtmpfs          tmpfs     5.3M  4.1k  5.3M   1% /run/locktmpfs          tmpfs     1.1G     0  1.1G   0% /sys/fs/cgrouptmpfs          tmpfs     207M  4.1k  207M   1% /run/user/108tmpfs          tmpfs     207M   50k  207M   1% /run/user/1000

三、扩容后造成开机启动等待1分30秒问题解决办法

        说明：虚拟机扩容后，使用fdisk  /dev/sda  更改新建分区后，重启系统出现一分30秒等待，是由于分区时删除了swap交换分区，造成系统启动过程中无法找到swap分区。

在root用户下创建swap分区：

1.创建要作为swap分区的文件:增加1GB大小的交换分区，则命令写法如下，其中的count等于想要的块的数量（bs*count=文件大小）。# dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/swapfile bs=1M count=10242.格式化为交换分区文件:# mkswap /root/swapfile #建立swap的文件系统3.启用交换分区文件:# swapon /root/swapfile #启用swap文件4.使系统开机时自启用，在文件/etc/fstab中添加一行：/root/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0

查看swap分区是否创建成功，看到如下信息说明创建成功：

注意要屏蔽/etc/fstab文件内以前的swap：

# /etc/fstab: static file system infORMation.## Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).##                # / was on /dev/sda1 during installationUUID=4c68a6b8-470e-426c-bc69-0fb601719e42 /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1# swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation#UUID=d19075cc-07e2-472c-b59d-247a15ba333e none            swap    sw              0       0 // 屏蔽/dev/fd0        /media/floppy0  auto    rw,user,noauto,exec,utf8 0       0/root/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0 // 新增

来源地址：https://blog.csdn.net/wangruifengrr/article/details/129860142