介绍 Xtrabackup是一个开源的Mysql数据库备份工具，由Percona公司开发和维护。它可以备份InnoDB、XtraDB和MyISAM存储引擎的数据，并且可以在运行时进行备份，而不会影响数
Xtrabackup是一个开源的Mysql数据库备份工具，由Percona公司开发和维护。它可以备份InnoDB、XtraDB和MyISAM存储引擎的数据，并且可以在运行时进行备份，而不会影响数据库的正常运行。Xtrabackup还可以用于恢复备份数据，或者将备份数据迁移到另一个mysql服务器上。
Xtrabackup的主要特点如下：
支持在线备份：Xtrabackup可以在Mysql数据库运行时进行备份，而不需要停止数据库。
支持增量备份：Xtrabackup可以进行增量备份，只备份数据库中发生更改的部分，从而减少备份时间和空间。
支持多种存储引擎：Xtrabackup可以备份InnoDB、XtraDB和MyISAM存储引擎的数据。
支持压缩和加密：Xtrabackup可以将备份数据进行压缩和加密，以减少备份文件的大小和提高数据安全性。
支持恢复备份：Xtrabackup可以用于恢复备份数据，包括全量备份和增量备份。
总之，Xtrabackup是一个功能强大、稳定可靠的MySQL备份工具，广泛应用于MySQL数据库备份和恢复领域。
Xtrabackup支持linux、Unix和windows等操作系统，下面以Linux系统为例，介绍Xtrabackup的安装步骤：
wget https://repo.percona.com/apt/percona-release_latest.$(lsb_release -sc)_all.debsudo dpkg -i percona-release_latest.$(lsb_release -sc)_all.debsudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get install percona-xtrabackup-24sudo xtrabackup --version如果成功安装，则会显示Xtrabackup的版本信息。
安装完成后，我们就可以使用Xtrabackup进行MySQL数据库备份和恢复操作了。
xtrabackup --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --user=root --passWord=***--port=3306 --datedir=/var/lib/mysql/data/mydata/ --backup --target-dir=/backup/
xtrabackup --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --user=root --password=pcan3zdgxC --port=3306 --datedir=/var/lib/mysql/data/mydata/ --backup --no-timestamp --stream=xbstream --target-dir=./ > /backup/backup.xbstream
xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/path/to/backup --incremental-basedir=/path/to/full/backup恢复命令可以将备份数据恢复到MySQL数据库中。全量备份和增量备份需要分别进行恢复。恢复命令如下：
全量备份恢复：
sudo xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir=/path/to/backup增量备份恢复：
sudo xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir=/path/to/last/incremental/backup --incremental-dir=/path/to/incremental/backup其中，--copy-back表示进行恢复操作，--target-dir表示备份文件存放的目录，--incremental-dir表示增量备份的目录。需要注意的是，在进行增量备份恢复时，需要从最后一个增量备份开始，依次恢复每个增量备份，最后再恢复全量备份。
总之，Xtrabackup的增量备份和恢复命令相对简单，但需要注意备份和恢复顺序，以及备份文件和目录的路径。
xtrabackup -helpxtrabackup: recognized server arguments: --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --datadir=elp xtrabackup: recognized client arguments: xtrabackup version 2.4.26 based on MySQL Server 5.7.35 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 19de43b)Open source backup tool for InnoDB and XtraDBCopyright (C) 2009-2017 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates.Portions Copyright (C) 2000, 2011, MySQL AB & Innobase Oy. All Rights Reserved.This program is free software; you can Redistribute it and/ORModify it under the terms of the GNU General Public Licenseas published by the Free Software Foundation version 2of the License.This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty ofMERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See theGNU General Public License for more details.You can download full text of the license on Http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.txtUsage: [xtrabackup [--defaults-file=#] --backup | xtrabackup [--defaults-file=#] --prepare] [OPTIONS]Default options are read from the following files in the given order:/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /usr/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf The following groups are read: xtrabackup mysqldThe following options may be given as the first argument:--print-defaults Print the program argument list and exit.--no-defaults Don't read default options from any option file, except for login file.--defaults-file=# Only read default options from the given file #.--defaults-extra-file=# Read this file after the global files are read.--defaults-group-suffix=# Also read groups with concat(group, suffix)--login-path=# Read this path from the login file. -v, --version print xtrabackup version information --target-dir=name destination directory --backup take backup to target-dir --stats calc statistic of datadir (offline mysqld is recommended) --prepare prepare a backup for starting mysql server on the backup. --export create files to import to another database when prepare. --apply-log-only stop recovery process not to progress LSN after applying log when prepare. --print-param print parameter of mysqld needed for copyback. --use-memory=# The value is used instead of buffer_pool_size --throttle=# limit count of IO operations (pairs of read&write) per second to iOS values (for '--backup') --log[=name] Ignored option for MySQL option compatibility --log-copy-interval=# time interval between checks done by log copying thread in milliseconds (default is 1 second). --extra-lsndir=name (for --backup): save an extra copy of the xtrabackup_checkpoints file in this directory. --incremental-lsn=name (for --backup): copy only .ibd pages newer than specified LSN 'high:low'. ##ATTENTION##: If a wrong LSN value is specified, it is impossible to diagnose this, causing the backup to be unusable. Be careful! --incremental-basedir=name (for --backup): copy only .ibd pages newer than backup at specified directory. --incremental-dir=name (for --prepare): apply .delta files and logfile in the specified directory. --to-arcHived-lsn=# Don't apply archived logs with bigger log sequence number. --tables=name filtering by regexp for table names. --tables-file=name filtering by list of the exact database.table name in the file. --databases=name filtering by list of databases. --databases-file=name filtering by list of databases in the file. --tables-exclude=name filtering by regexp for table names. Operates the same way as --tables, but matched names are excluded from backup. Note that this option has a higher priority than --tables. --databases-exclude=name Excluding databases based on name, Operates the same way as --databases, but matched names are excluded from backup. Note that this option has a higher priority than --databases. --create-ib-logfile ** not work for now** creates ib_logfile* also after '--prepare'. ### If you want create ib_logfile*, only re-execute this command in same options. ### --stream=name Stream all backup files to the standard output in the specified format. Currently supported formats are 'tar' and 'xbstream'. --compress[=name] Compress individual backup files using the specified compression alGorithm. Currently the only supported algorithm is 'quicklz'. It is also the default algorithm, i.e. the one used when --compress is used without an argument. --compress-threads=# Number of threads for parallel data compression. The default value is 1. --compress-chunk-size=# Size of working buffer(s) for compression threads in bytes. The default value is 64K. --encrypt=name Encrypt individual backup files using the specified encryption algorithm. --encrypt-key=name Encryption key to use. --encrypt-key-file=name File which contains encryption key to use. --encrypt-threads=# Number of threads for parallel data encryption. The default value is 1. --encrypt-chunk-size=# Size of working buffer(S) for encryption threads in bytes. The default value is 64K. --compact Create a compact backup by skipping secondary index pages. --rebuild-indexes Rebuild secondary indexes in InnoDB tables after applying the log. Only has effect with --prepare. --rebuild-threads=# Use this number of threads to rebuild indexes in a compact backup. Only has effect with --prepare and --rebuild-indexes. --incremental-force-scan Perform a full-scan incremental backup even in the presence of changed page bitmap data --close-files do not keep files opened. Use at your own risk. --core-file Write core on fatal signals --copy-back Copy all the files in a previously made backup from the backup directory to their original locations. --move-back Move all the files in a previously made backup from the backup directory to the actual datadir location. Use with caution, as it removes backup files. --galera-info This options creates the xtrabackup_galera_info file which contains the local node state at the time of the backup. Option should be used when performing the backup of Percona-XtraDB-Cluster. Has no effect when backup locks are used to create the backup. --slave-info This option is useful when backing up a replication slave server. It prints the binary log position and name of the master server. It also writes this information to the "xtrabackup_slave_info" file as a "CHANGE MASTER" command. A new slave for this master can be set up by starting a slave server on this backup and issuing a "CHANGE MASTER" command with the binary log position saved in the "xtrabackup_slave_info" file. --no-lock Use this option to disable table lock with "FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK". Use it only if ALL your tables are InnoDB and you DO NOT CARE about the binary log position of the backup. This option shouldn't be used if there are any DDL statements being executed or if any updates are happening on non-InnoDB tables (this includes the system MyISAM tables in the mysql database), otherwise it could lead to an inconsistent backup. If you are considering to use --no-lock because your backups are failing to acquire the lock, this could be because of incoming replication events preventing the lock from succeeding. Please try using --safe-slave-backup to momentarily stop the replication slave thread, this may help the backup to succeed and you then don't need to resort to using this option. --lock-ddl Issue LOCK TABLES FOR BACKUP if it is supported by server at the beginning of the backup to block all DDL operations. --lock-ddl-timeout=# If LOCK TABLES FOR BACKUP does not return within given timeout, abort the backup. --lock-ddl-per-table Lock DDL for each table before xtrabackup starts the copy phase and until the backup is completed. --backup-lock-timeout=# Timeout in seconds for attempts to acquire metadata locks. --backup-lock-retry-count=# Number of attempts to acquire metadata locks. --dump-innodb-buffer-pool Instruct MySQL server to dump innodb buffer pool by issuing a SET GLOBAL innodb_buffer_pool_dump_now=ON --dump-innodb-buffer-pool-timeout=# This option specifies the number of seconds xtrabackup waits for innodb buffer pool dump to complete --dump-innodb-buffer-pool-pct=# This option specifies the percentage of buffer pool to be dumped --safe-slave-backup Stop slave SQL thread and wait to start backup until Slave_open_temp_tables in "SHOW STATUS" is zero. If there are no open temporary tables, the backup will take place, otherwise the SQL thread will be started and stopped until there are no open temporary tables. The backup will fail if Slave_open_temp_tables does not become zero after --safe-slave-backup-timeout seconds. The slave SQL thread will be restarted when the backup finishes. --rsync Uses the rsync utility to optimize local file transfers. When this option is specified, innobackupex uses rsync to copy all non-InnoDB files instead of spawning a separate cp for each file, which can be much faster for servers with a large number of databases or tables. This option cannot be used together with --stream. --force-non-empty-directories This option, when specified, makes --copy-back or --move-back transfer files to non-empty directories. Note that no existing files will be overwritten. If --copy-back or --nove-back has to copy a file from the backup directory which already exists in the destination directory, it will still fail with an error. --no-version-check This option disables the version check which is enabled by the --version-check option. --tables-compatibility-check This option enables engine compatibility warning. (Defaults to on; use --skip-tables-compatibility-check to disable.) --no-backup-locks This option controls if backup locks should be used instead of FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK on the backup stage. The option has no effect when backup locks are not supported by the server. This option is enabled by default, disable with --no-backup-locks. --decompress Decompresses all files with the .qp extension in a backup previously made with the --compress option. -u, --user=name This option specifies the MySQL username used when connecting to the server, if that's not the current user. The option accepts a string argument. See mysql --help for details. -H, --host=name This option specifies the host to use when connecting to the database server with tcp/IP. The option accepts a string argument. See mysql --help for details. -P, --port=# This option specifies the port to use when connecting to the database server with TCP/IP. The option accepts a string argument. See mysql --help for details. -p, --password[=name] This option specifies the password to use when connecting to the database. It accepts a string argument. See mysql --help for details. -S, --Socket=name This option specifies the socket to use when connecting to the local database server with a UNIX domain socket. The option accepts a string argument. See mysql --help for details. --incremental-history-name=name This option specifies the name of the backup series stored in the PERCONA_SCHEMA.xtrabackup_history history record to base an incremental backup on. Xtrabackup will search the history table looking for the most recent (highest innodb_to_lsn), successful backup in the series and take the to_lsn value to use as the starting lsn for the incremental backup. This will be mutually exclusive with --incremental-history-uuid, --incremental-basedir and --incremental-lsn. If no valid lsn can be found (no series by that name, no successful backups by that name) xtrabackup will return with an error. It is used with the --incremental option. --incremental-history-uuid=name This option specifies the UUID of the specific history record stored in the PERCONA_SCHEMA.xtrabackup_history to base an incremental backup on. --incremental-history-name, --incremental-basedir and --incremental-lsn. If no valid lsn can be found (no success record with that uuid) xtrabackup will return with an error. It is used with the --incremental option. --decrypt=name Decrypts all files with the .xbcrypt extension in a backup previously made with --encrypt option. --remove-original Remove .qp and .xbcrypt files after decryption and decompression. --ftwrl-wait-query-type=name This option specifies which types of queries are allowed to complete before innobackupex will issue the global lock. Default is all. --kill-long-query-type=name This option specifies which types of queries should be killed to unblock the global lock. Default is "SELECT". --history[=name] This option enables the tracking of backup history in the PERCONA_SCHEMA.xtrabackup_history table. An optional history series name may be specified that will be placed with the history record for the current backup being taken. --kill-long-queries-timeout=# This option specifies the number of seconds innobackupex waits between starting FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK and killing those queries that block it. Default is 0 seconds, which means innobackupex will not attempt to kill any queries. --ftwrl-wait-timeout=# This option specifies time in seconds that innobackupex should wait for queries that would block FTWRL before running it. If there are still such queries when the timeout expires, innobackupex terminates with an error. Default is 0, in which case innobackupex does not wait for queries to complete and starts FTWRL immediately. --ftwrl-wait-threshold=# This option specifies the query run time threshold which is used by innobackupex to detect long-running queries with a non-zero value of --ftwrl-wait-timeout. FTWRL is not started until such long-running queries exist. This option has no effect if --ftwrl-wait-timeout is 0. Default value is 60 seconds. --debug-sleep-before-unlock=# This is a debug-only option used by the XtraBackup test suite. --safe-slave-backup-timeout=# How many seconds --safe-slave-backup should wait for Slave_open_temp_tables to become zero. (default 300) --binlog-info[=name] This option controls how XtraBackup should retrieve server's binary log coordinates corresponding to the backup. Possible values are OFF, ON, LOCKLESS and AUTO. See the XtraBackup manual for more information --reencrypt-for-server-id=# Re-encrypt tablespace keys for given server-id. --check-privileges Check database user privileges before performing any query. --read-buffer-size[=#] Set datafile read buffer size, given value is scaled up to page size. Default is 10Mb. --ssl-mode=name SSL connection mode. --ssl Deprecated. Use --ssl-mode instead. (Defaults to on; use --skip-ssl to disable.) --ssl-verify-server-cert Deprecated. Use --ssl-mode=VERIFY_IDENTITY instead. --ssl-ca=name CA file in PEM format. --ssl-capath=name CA directory. --ssl-cert=name X509 cert in PEM format. --ssl-cipher=name SSL cipher to use. --ssl-key=name X509 key in PEM format. --ssl-crl=name Certificate revocation list. --ssl-crlpath=name Certificate revocation list path. --tls-version=name TLS version to use, permitted values are: TLSv1, TLSv1.1, TLSv1.2 --server-public-key-path=name File path to the server public RSA key in PEM format. -h, --datadir=name Path to the database root. -t, --tmpdir=name Path for temporary files. Several paths may be specified, separated by a colon (:), in this case they are used in a round-robin fashion. --parallel=# Number of threads to use for parallel datafiles transfer. The default value is 1. --log[=name] Ignored option for MySQL option compatibility --log-bin[=name] Base name for the log sequence --innodb[=name] Ignored option for MySQL option compatibility --innodb-adaptive-hash-index Enable InnoDB adaptive hash index (enabled by default). Disable with --skip-innodb-adaptive-hash-index. (Defaults to on; use --skip-innodb-adaptive-hash-index to disable.) --innodb-autoextend-increment=# Data file autoextend increment in megabytes --innodb-buffer-pool-size=# The size of the memory buffer InnoDB uses to cache data and indexes of its tables. --innodb-checksums Enable InnoDB checksums validation (enabled by default). Disable with --skip-innodb-checksums. (Defaults to on; use --skip-innodb-checksums to disable.) --innodb-data-file-path=name Path to individual files and their sizes. --innodb-data-home-dir=name The common part for InnoDB table spaces. --innodb-doublewrite Enable InnoDB doublewrite buffer (enabled by default). Disable with --skip-innodb-doublewrite. (Defaults to on; use --skip-innodb-doublewrite to disable.) --innodb-io-capacity[=#] Number of IOPs the server can do. Tunes the background IO rate --innodb-file-io-threads=# Number of file I/O threads in InnoDB. --innodb-read-io-threads=# Number of background read I/O threads in InnoDB. --innodb-write-io-threads=# Number of background write I/O threads in InnoDB. --innodb-file-per-table Stores each InnoDB table to an .ibd file in the database dir. --innodb-flush-log-at-trx-commit[=#] Set to 0 (write and flush once per second), 1 (write and flush at each commit) or 2 (write at commit, flush once per second). --innodb-flush-method=name With which method to flush data. --innodb-force-recovery=# Helps to save your data in case the disk image of the database becomes corrupt. --innodb-log-arch-dir=name Where full logs should be archived. --innodb-log-buffer-size=# The size of the buffer which InnoDB uses to write log to the log files on disk. --innodb-log-file-size=# Size of each log file in a log group. --innodb-log-files-in-group=# Number of log files in the log group. InnoDB writes to the files in a circular fashion. Value 3 is recommended here. --innodb-log-group-home-dir=name Path to InnoDB log files. --innodb-max-dirty-pages-pct=# Percentage of dirty pages allowed in bufferpool. --innodb-open-files=# How many files at the maximum InnoDB keeps open at the same time. --innodb-use-native-aio Use native AIO if supported on this platform. --innodb-page-size=# The universal page size of the database. --innodb-log-block-size=# The log block size of the transaction log file. Changing for created log file is not supported. Use on your own risk! --innodb-fast-checksum Change the algorithm of checksum for the whole of datapage to 4-bytes word based. --innodb-doublewrite-file=name Path to special datafile for doublewrite buffer. (default is : not used) --innodb-buffer-pool-filename=name Filename to/from which to dump/load the InnoDB buffer pool --debug-sync=name Debug sync point. This is only used by the xtrabackup test suite -#, --debug[=name] Output debug log. Default all ib_log output to stderr. To redirect all ib_log output to separate file, use --debug=d,ib_log:o,/tmp/xtrabackup.trace --innodb-checksum-algorithm=name The algorithm InnoDB uses for page checksumming. [CRC32, STRICT_CRC32, INNODB, STRICT_INNODB, NONE, STRICT_NONE] --innodb-log-checksum-algorithm=name The algorithm InnoDB uses for log checksumming. [CRC32, STRICT_CRC32, INNODB, STRICT_INNODB, NONE, STRICT_NONE] --innodb-undo-directory=name Directory where undo tablespace files live, this path can be absolute. --innodb-undo-tablespaces=# Number of undo tablespaces to use. --defaults-group=name defaults group in config file (default "mysqld"). --open-files-limit=# the maximum number of file descriptors to reserve with setrlimit(). --redo-log-version=# Redo log version of the backup. For --prepare only. --server-id=# The server instance being backed up --transition-key[=name] Transition key to encrypt tablespace keys with. --xtrabackup-plugin-dir=name Directory for xtrabackup plugins. --generate-new-master-key Generate new master key when doing copy-back. --generate-transition-key Generate transition key and store it into keyring.Variables (--variable-name=value)and boolean options {FALSE|TRUE} Value (after reading options)--------------------------------- ----------------------------------------datadir elptmpdir/tmpparallel 1log (No default value)log-bin (No default value)innodb(No default value)innodb-adaptive-hash-index TRUEinnodb-autoextend-increment 8innodb-buffer-pool-size 8388608innodb-checksums TRUEinnodb-data-file-path (No default value)innodb-data-home-dir (No default value)innodb-doublewrite TRUEinnodb-io-capacity 200innodb-file-io-threads 4innodb-read-io-threads 4innodb-write-io-threads 4innodb-file-per-table FALSEinnodb-flush-log-at-trx-commit 1innodb-flush-method (No default value)innodb-force-recovery 0innodb-log-arch-dir (No default value)innodb-log-buffer-size 16777216innodb-log-file-size 50331648innodb-log-files-in-group 2innodb-log-group-home-dir (No default value)innodb-max-dirty-pages-pct 75innodb-open-files 300innodb-use-native-aio FALSEinnodb-page-size 16384innodb-log-block-size 512innodb-fast-checksum FALSEinnodb-doublewrite-file (No default value)innodb-buffer-pool-filename (No default value)debug-sync (No default value)debug (No default value)innodb-checksum-algorithm innodbinnodb-log-checksum-algorithm innodbinnodb-undo-directory (No default value)innodb-undo-tablespaces 0defaults-group mysqldopen-files-limit 0redo-log-version 1server-id 0xtrabackup-plugin-dir (No default value)generate-new-master-key FALSEgenerate-transition-key FALSEVariables (--variable-name=value)and boolean options {FALSE|TRUE} Value (after reading options)--------------------------------- ----------------------------------------version FALSEtarget-dir /root/xtrabackup_backupfiles/backupFALSEstats FALSEprepare FALSEexportFALSEapply-log-only FALSEprint-param FALSEuse-memory 104857600throttle 0log (No default value)log-copy-interval 1000extra-lsndir (No default value)incremental-lsn (No default value)incremental-basedir (No default value)incremental-dir (No default value)to-archived-lsn 0tables(No default value)tables-file (No default value)databases (No default value)databases-file (No default value)tables-exclude (No default value)databases-exclude (No default value)create-ib-logfile FALSEstream(No default value)compress (No default value)compress-threads 1compress-chunk-size 65536encrypt NONEencrypt-key-file (No default value)encrypt-threads 1encrypt-chunk-size 65536compact FALSErebuild-indexes FALSErebuild-threads 1incremental-force-scan FALSEclose-files FALSEcopy-back FALSEmove-back FALSEgalera-info FALSEslave-info FALSEno-lock FALSElock-ddl FALSElock-ddl-timeout 31536000lock-ddl-per-table FALSEbackup-lock-timeout 31536000backup-lock-retry-count 0dump-innodb-buffer-pool FALSEdump-innodb-buffer-pool-timeout 10dump-innodb-buffer-pool-pct 0safe-slave-backup FALSErsync FALSEforce-non-empty-directories FALSEno-version-check FALSEtables-compatibility-check TRUEno-backup-locks FALSEdecompress FALSEuser (No default value)host (No default value)port 0socket(No default value)incremental-history-name (No default value)incremental-history-uuid (No default value)decrypt NONEremove-original FALSEftwrl-wait-query-type ALLkill-long-query-type SELECTkill-long-queries-timeout 0ftwrl-wait-timeout 0ftwrl-wait-threshold 60debug-sleep-before-unlock 0safe-slave-backup-timeout 300binlog-info autoreencrypt-for-server-id 0check-privileges FALSEread-buffer-size 10485760ssl TRUEssl-verify-server-cert FALSEssl-ca(No default value)ssl-capath (No default value)ssl-cert (No default value)ssl-cipher (No default value)ssl-key (No default value)ssl-crl (No default value)ssl-crlpath (No default value)tls-version TLSv1,TLSv1.1,TLSv1.2server-public-key-path (No default value)来源地址：https://blog.csdn.net/hezuijiudexiaobai/article/details/125100880
--结束END--
本文标题: Xtrabackup备份
本文链接: https://www.lsjlt.com/news/422148.html(转载时请注明来源链接)
有问题或投稿请发送至: 邮箱/279061341@qq.com QQ/279061341
下载Word文档到电脑，方便收藏和打印～
2024-06-06
2024-06-06
2024-06-05
2024-06-04
2024-06-04
2024-06-03
2024-06-03
2024-06-03
2024-06-04
2024-06-03
回答
回答
回答
回答
回答
回答
回答
回答
回答
回答
官方手机版
微信公众号
商务合作
0