Go语言中如何处理并发数据库数据一致性问题？

package main

import (
    "database/sql"
    "fmt"
    "sync"
    "time"

    _ "GitHub.com/go-sql-driver/Mysql"
)

var (
    db *sql.DB
)

func initDB() {
    var err error
    db, err = sql.Open("mysql", "root:passWord@tcp(localhost:3306)/test?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("Failed to connect to database: %v
", err)
        return
    }

    // Set the maximum number of connection to database
    db.SetMaxOpenConns(100)
    // Set the maximum number of idle connection to database
    db.SetMaxIdleConns(20)
}

func updateData(id int, wg *sync.WaitGroup) {
    defer wg.Done()

    // Start a new transaction
    tx, err := db.Begin()
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("Failed to begin transaction: %v
", err)
        return
    }

    // Query the current value of the data
    var value int
    err = tx.QueryRow("SELECT value FROM data WHERE id=?", id).Scan(&value)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("Failed to query data: %v
", err)
        tx.Rollback()
        return
    }

    // Update the value of the data
    value++
    _, err = tx.Exec("UPDATE data SET value=? WHERE id=?", value, id)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("Failed to update data: %v
", err)
        tx.Rollback()
        return
    }

    // Commit the transaction
    err = tx.Commit()
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("Failed to commit transaction: %v
", err)
        tx.Rollback()
        return
    }

    fmt.Printf("Update data successfully: id=%d, value=%d
", id, value)
}

func main() {
    initDB()

    // Create a wait group to wait for all goroutines to finish
    var wg sync.WaitGroup

    // Start multiple goroutines to simulate concurrent database access
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        wg.Add(1)
        go updateData(1, &wg)
    }

    // Wait for all goroutines to finish
    wg.Wait()

    time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)

    // Query the final value of the data
    var value int
    err := db.QueryRow("SELECT value FROM data WHERE id=?", 1).Scan(&value)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("Failed to query data: %v
", err)
        return
    }

    fmt.Printf("Final value of the data: %d
", value)
}

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

var (
    data   = make(map[int]int)
    mutex  sync.Mutex
)

func updateData(id int, wg *sync.WaitGroup) {
    defer wg.Done()

    // Lock the mutex before accessing the data
    mutex.Lock()
    defer mutex.Unlock()

    // Update the value of the data
    value := data[id]
    value++
    data[id] = value

    fmt.Printf("Update data successfully: id=%d, value=%d
", id, value)
}

func main() {
    // Create a wait group to wait for all goroutines to finish
    var wg sync.WaitGroup

    // Start multiple goroutines to simulate concurrent data update
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        wg.Add(1)
        go updateData(1, &wg)
    }

    // Wait for all goroutines to finish
    wg.Wait()

    fmt.Printf("Final value of the data: %d
", data[1])
}