C++中常见的数据类型问题分析与修复方案

int a = INT_MAX;
int b = a + 1; // 溢出发生

cout << "a: " << a << endl;
cout << "b: " << b << endl; // b的值是未定义的

#include <limits>

long long a = INT_MAX;
long long b = a + 1; // 不会发生溢出

if (b > std::numeric_limits<int>::max()) {
  // 处理溢出情况的代码
}

cout << "a: " << a << endl;
cout << "b: " << b << endl; // 正常输出

float a = 0.1;
float b = 0.2;
float c = 0.3;

if (a + b == c) {
  // 不一定会进入这里
  cout << "Equal" << endl;
} else {
  cout << "Not Equal" << endl;
}

#include <cmath>

float a = 0.1;
float b = 0.2;
float c = 0.3;

float epsilon = 0.0001; // 误差范围

if (std::abs(a + b - c) < epsilon) {
  cout << "Equal" << endl;
} else {
  cout << "Not Equal" << endl;
}

char str[10] = "Hello, World!"; // 长度超过数组大小

#include <string>

std::string str = "Hello, World!";