如何安装oracle12c单实例数据库软件

这篇文章主要介绍如何安装oracle12c单实例数据库软件，文中介绍的非常详细，具有一定的参考价值，感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完！

一、环境准备

[oracle@localhost ~]$ df -hl 查看内存情况

磁盘空间需要6.4GB，/tmp分区需要1GB 

[oracle@localhost ~]$ df -hl /tmp 

内存配置4G，swap配置2G

[oracle@localhost ~]$ grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

[oracle@localhost ~]$ cat /proc/swaps

操作系统：Red Hat Enterprise linux Server release 7

[oracle@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release

安装包 yum -y install package*
把所有包安装

binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7.x86_64 
compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7.x86_64
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7.i686 
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7.x86_64
GCc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
gcc-c++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
glibc-2.17-36.el7.i686 
glibc-2.17-36.el7.x86_64 
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.i686 
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.x86_64 
ksh
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64 
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64 
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.i686 
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.x86_64 
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.i686 
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.x86_64 
make-3.82-19.el7.x86_64 
sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7.x86_64

查看组是否存在     

[root@localhost ~]# grep oinstall /etc/group

[root@localhost ~]# grep dba /etc/group

创建组oninstall 与 dba

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd dba

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd oper

查看oracle用户 是否存在

[root@localhost ~]# id oracle

创建oracle用户

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

若已有oracle则报错存在

[root@localhost ~]# passwd oracle

为oracle创建密码

设置资源限制:

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

在文末添加：

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
#kernel.shmall = 2097152
#kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

使更改生效

[root@localhost ~]# /sbin/sysctl -p

设置安装用户的资源限制：

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

在root下，添加

oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 10240

创建oracle安装目录并分配权限

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /u01

[root@localhost ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01

为oracle用户设置环境变量

[li@localhost ~]$ su - oracle

PassWord:

[oracle@localhost ~]$

[oracle@localhost ~]$ vi ~/.bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

        . ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export ORACLE_SID=db12c

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8

如何切换到oracle用户

Su – oracle

在temp下创建oracle 然后把12c压缩包解压在里面

在oracle用户下

[li@localhost ~]$ su oracle

Password:

[oracle@localhost ]$ cd /u01/software/database

[oracle@localhost database]$ ls

install  response  rpm  runInstaller  sshsetup  stage  welcome.html

执行安装
[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller
1、弹出此界面，不勾选选项（如果有也可以填写）然后next

2、此处选择仅安装数据库软件，然后next

3、选择安装单实例数据库，然后next

4、选择安装企业版，然后next
5、安装路径默认安装
6、默认安装 next


7、组默认 next


8、这里会检查是否有安装相关的包，可以新打开一个窗口yum安装包，然后检查
（这里检查的错误最好都想办法使得没有错误，不然在启动时会报错）

9、点击install开始安装

10、在root下执行两条脚本

[root@localhost ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.

Adding read,write permissions for group.

Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.

The execution of the script is complete.

[root@localhost ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

PerfORMing root user operation.

The following environment variables are set as:

    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:

   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

Finished running generic part of root script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

Do you want to setup Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA) now ? yes|[no] :

yes

Installing Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA).

Log File: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_localhost.localdomain_2018-04-30_07-56-19-938348191.log

Finished installing Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA)

执行完脚本，数据库软件安装完成

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