MySQL查看和修改字符集的方法

参考链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/yangmingxianshen/p/7999428.html

Django中，数据库的字符集最好为utf-8.

一、查看字符集

查看Mysql数据库服务器和数据库字符集

方法一：show variables like ‘%character%‘;
方法二：show variables like ‘collation%‘;

运行结果：

mysql> show variables like ‘%character%‘;
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                                                   |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                                                    |
| character_set_connection | utf8                                                    |
| character_set_database   | utf8                                                    |
| character_set_filesystem | utf8                                                    |
| character_set_results    | utf8                                                    |
| character_set_server     | utf8                                                    |
| character_set_system     | utf8                                                    |
| character_sets_dir       | C:Program FilesmysqlMySQL Server 5.7sharecharsets |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like ‘collation%‘;
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name        | Value           |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database   | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server     | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

查看MYsql所支持的字符集

show charset;

运行结果：

mysql> show charset;
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset  | Description                     | Default collation   | Maxlen |
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5     | Big5 Traditional Chinese        | big5_chinese_ci     |      2 |
| dec8     | DEC West European               | dec8_swedish_ci     |      1 |
| cp850    | DOS West European               | cp850_general_ci    |      1 |
| hp8      | HP West European                | hp8_english_ci      |      1 |
| koi8r    | KOI8-R Relcom Russian           | koi8r_general_ci    |      1 |
| latin1   | cp1252 West European            | latin1_swedish_ci   |      1 |
| latin2   | ISO 8859-2 Central European     | latin2_general_ci   |      1 |
| swe7     | 7bit Swedish                    | swe7_swedish_ci     |      1 |
| ascii    | US ASCII                        | ascii_general_ci    |      1 |
| ujis     | EUC-JP Japanese                 | ujis_japanese_ci    |      3 |
| sjis     | Shift-JIS Japanese              | sjis_japanese_ci    |      2 |
| hebrew   | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew               | hebrew_general_ci   |      1 |
| tis620   | TIS620 Thai                     | tis620_thai_ci      |      1 |
| euckr    | EUC-KR Korean                   | euckr_korean_ci     |      2 |
| koi8u    | KOI8-U Ukrainian                | koi8u_general_ci    |      1 |
| gb2312   | GB2312 Simplified Chinese       | gb2312_chinese_ci   |      2 |
| greek    | ISO 8859-7 Greek                | greek_general_ci    |      1 |
| cp1250   | windows Central European        | cp1250_general_ci   |      1 |
| gbk      | GBK Simplified Chinese          | gbk_chinese_ci      |      2 |
| latin5   | ISO 8859-9 Turkish              | latin5_turkish_ci   |      1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian              | armscii8_general_ci |      1 |
| utf8     | UTF-8 Unicode                   | utf8_general_ci     |      3 |
| ucs2     | UCS-2 Unicode                   | ucs2_general_ci     |      2 |
| cp866    | DOS Russian                     | cp866_general_ci    |      1 |
| keybcs2  | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak      | keybcs2_general_ci  |      1 |
| Macce    | Mac Central European            | macce_general_ci    |      1 |
| macroman | Mac West European               | macroman_general_ci |      1 |
| cp852    | DOS Central European            | cp852_general_ci    |      1 |
| latin7   | ISO 8859-13 Baltic              | latin7_general_ci   |      1 |
| utf8mb4  | UTF-8 Unicode                   | utf8mb4_general_ci  |      4 |
| cp1251   | Windows Cyrillic                | cp1251_general_ci   |      1 |
| utf16    | UTF-16 Unicode                  | utf16_general_ci    |      4 |
| utf16le  | UTF-16LE Unicode                | utf16le_general_ci  |      4 |
| cp1256   | Windows Arabic                  | cp1256_general_ci   |      1 |
| cp1257   | Windows Baltic                  | cp1257_general_ci   |      1 |
| utf32    | UTF-32 Unicode                  | utf32_general_ci    |      4 |
| binary   | Binary pseudo charset           | binary              |      1 |
| geostd8  | GEOSTD8 Georgian                | geostd8_general_ci  |      1 |
| cp932    | SJIS for Windows Japanese       | cp932_japanese_ci   |      2 |
| eucjpms  | UJIS for Windows Japanese       | eucjpms_japanese_ci |      3 |
| gb18030  | China National Standard GB18030 | gb18030_chinese_ci  |      4 |
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
41 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看表的字符集

语法：show database status from 库名 like  表名;

运行结果：

mysql> show table status from blogdb like ‘blog_cateGory‘;
+---------------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+----------+----------------+---------+
| Name          | Engine | Version | Row_fORMat | Rows | Avg_row_length | Data_length | Max_data_length | Index_length | Data_free | Auto_increment | Create_time         | Update_time         | Check_time | Collation       | Checksum | Create_options | Comment |
+---------------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+----------+----------------+---------+
| blog_category | InnoDB |      10 | Dynamic    |    1 |          16384 |       16384 |               0 |            0 |         0 |              4 | 2020-12-12 19:18:08 | 2020-12-12 20:33:52 | NULL       | utf8_general_ci |     NULL |                |         |
+---------------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+----------+----------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

其中，Collation 字段是字符集格式。

查看表中所有列的字符集

语法：show full columns from 表名;

运行结果：

mysql> show full columns from blog_category;
+-------+-------------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
| Field | Type        | Collation       | Null | Key | Default | Extra          | Privileges                      | Comment |
+-------+-------------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
| id    | int(11)     | NULL            | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment | select,insert,update,references |         |
| name  | varchar(30) | utf8_general_ci | NO   |     | NULL    |                | select,insert,update,references |         |
| index | int(11)     | NULL            | NO   |     | NULL    |                | select,insert,update,references |         |
+-------+-------------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

二、设置字符集

设置字符集一般有两种方法，一种是在创建表的时候设置字符集，另一种是表建成之后修改字符集。

创建时指定字符集

创建库的时候指定字符集：

语法：create database 库名 default character set=字符集；

create database db2 default character set=utf8

创建表的时候指定字符集：

语法：create table 表名（属性）default character set = 字符集；

mysql> create table test1(id int(6),name char(10)) default character set = ‘gbk‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.39 sec)

修改字符集

修改全局字符集

set character_set_connection=utf8;

set character_set_database=utf8;

set character_set_results=utf8;

set character_set_server=utf8;

set character_set_system=utf8;

set collation_connection=utf8;

set collation_database=utf8;

set collation_server=utf8;

修改库的字符集

语法：alter database 库名 default character set 字符集;

alter database shiyan default character set gbk;

修改表的字符集

alter table blog_category convert to character set utf8;

运行结果：

mysql> alter table blog_category convert to character set utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> alter table blog_category convert to character set utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec)
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> show table status from blogdb like ‘blog_category‘;
+---------------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+----------+----------------+---------+
| Name          | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Avg_row_length | Data_length | Max_data_length | Index_length | Data_free | Auto_increment | Create_time         | Update_time         | Check_time | Collation       | Checksum | Create_options | Comment |
+---------------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+----------+----------------+---------+
| blog_category | InnoDB |      10 | Dynamic    |    0 |              0 |       16384 |               0 |            0 |         0 |              3 | 2020-12-12 19:18:08 | 2020-12-12 20:32:15 | NULL       | utf8_general_ci |     NULL |                |         |
+---------------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+----------+----------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

修改字段的字符集

语法：alter table 表名 modify 字段名 字段属性 character set gbk；

 alter table test1 modify name char(10) character set gbk;

mysql> show full columns from test1;
+-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
| Field | Type     | Collation       | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges                      | Comment |
+-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
| id    | int(6)   | NULL            | YES  |     | NULL    |       | select,insert,update,references |         |
| name  | char(10) | utf8_general_ci | YES  |     | NULL    |       | select,insert,update,references |         |
+-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> alter table test1 modify name char(10) character set gbk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.58 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> show full columns from test1;
+-------+----------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
| Field | Type     | Collation      | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges                      | Comment |
+-------+----------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
| id    | int(6)   | NULL           | YES  |     | NULL    |       | select,insert,update,references |         |
| name  | char(10) | gbk_chinese_ci | YES  |     | NULL    |       | select,insert,update,references |         |
+-------+----------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

修改字段的字符集

MySQL查看和修改字符集的方法

原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/leoych/p/14126844.html