如何利用Python+Vue实现简单的前后端分离

npm install -g @vue/cli

vue create vue-axios

cd vue-axios

npm install axios --save

npm i element-ui -S

import axios from 'axios'

const request = axios.create({
    baseURL: 'Http://127.0.0.1:666',  // 注意！！ 这里是全局统一加上了 后端接口前缀 前缀，后端必须进行跨域配置！
    timeout: 5000
})

// request 拦截器
// 可以自请求发送前对请求做一些处理
// 比如统一加token，对请求参数统一加密
request.interceptors.request.use(config => {
    config.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/JSON;charset=utf-8';

    // config.headers['token'] = user.token;  // 设置请求头

    return config
}, error => {
    return Promise.reject(error)
});

// response 拦截器
// 可以在接口响应后统一处理结果
request.interceptors.response.use(
    response => {
        let res = response.data;
        // 如果是返回的文件
        if (response.config.responseType === 'blob') {
            return res
        }
        // 兼容服务端返回的字符串数据
        if (typeof res === 'string') {
            res = res ? JSON.parse(res) : res
        }
        return res;
    },
    error => {
        console.log('err' + error) // for debug
        return Promise.reject(error)
    }
)

export default request

import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import router from './router'
import request from "@/utils/request"
import ElementUI from 'element-ui';
import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.CSS';

// 关闭生产模式下的提示
Vue.config.productionTip = false

// 设置axios为Vue的原型属性
Vue.prototype.$axios = request

Vue.use(ElementUI);

new Vue({
  router,
  render: function (h) { return h(App) }
}).$mount('#app')

<template>
  <div class="home">
    <h1>前后端分离小demo</h1>

    <!-- 表格区域 -->
    <el-table
      :data="table"
      stripe
      :cell-style="{ textAlign: 'center' }"
      :header-cell-style="{ textAlign: 'center' }"
    >
      <el-table-column prop="id" label="ID" width="100" sortable />
      <el-table-column prop="name" label="姓名" />
      <el-table-column prop="age" label="年龄" />
      <el-table-column prop="sex" label="性别" />

      <el-table-column label="操作" width="210">
        <template slot="header">
          <span class="op">操作</span>
          <el-button size="mini" class="add" @click="add" icon="el-icon-plus"
            >添加一条记录</el-button
          >
        </template>
        <template slot-scope="scope">
          <el-button
            type="info"
            size="mini"
            @click="handEdit(scope.$index, scope.row)"
            icon="el-icon-edit"
            round
            >编辑</el-button
          >
          <el-popconfirm
            title="确认删除吗？"
            @confirm="handDelete(scope.$index, scope.row)"
          >
            <el-button
              type="danger"
              size="mini"
              icon="el-icon-delete"
              round
              slot="reference"
              >删除</el-button
            >
          </el-popconfirm>
        </template>
      </el-table-column>
    </el-table>

    <!-- 弹出窗 -->
    <el-dialog
      :title="title"
      :visible="dialogVisible"
      width="30%"
      :before-close="handleClose"
    >
      <el-form
        :model="form"
        status-icon
        :rules="rules"
        ref="form"
        label-width="60px"
      >
        <el-form-item label="姓名" prop="name">
          <el-input v-model="form.name" autocomplete="off" />
        </el-form-item>
        <el-form-item label="年龄" prop="age">
          <el-input
            type="number"
            min="1"
            max="99"
            v-model="form.age"
            autocomplete="off"
          />
        </el-form-item>
        <el-form-item label="性别" prop="sex">
          <el-radio-group v-model="form.sex">
            <el-radio label="男"></el-radio>
            <el-radio label="女"></el-radio>
            <el-radio label="未知"></el-radio>
          </el-radio-group>
        </el-form-item>
      </el-form>
      <span slot="footer" class="dialog-footer">
        <el-button @click="reset">重置</el-button>
        <el-button type="primary" @click="save">确 定</el-button>
      </span>
    </el-dialog>
  </div>
</template>

<script>

export default {
  name: 'Home',
  data() {
    // 自定义验证规则
    var validateAge = (rule, value, callback) => {
      if (value === '' || value === undefined) {
        callback(new Error('请输入年龄'))
      } else if (isNaN(value)) {
        callback(new Error('请输入数字'))
      } else if (value < 1 || value > 100) {
        callback(new Error('年龄必须在1~100之间'))
      } else {
        callback()
      }
    }
    return {
      table: [],
      dialogVisible: false,
      title: '',
      form: {},
      rules: {
        name: [{ required: true, message: '请输入姓名', trigger: 'blur' }],
        age: [{ required: true, validator: validateAge, trigger: 'blur' }],
        sex: [{ required: true, message: '请选择性别', trigger: 'blur' }],
      }
    }
  },
  created() {
    this.init()
  },
  methods: {
    init() {
      this.$axios.get('/all').then(res => {
        console.log(res);
        this.table = res.data
      })
    },
    add() {
      this.dialogVisible = true
      this.title = '添加记录'
      this.form = {}
    },
    handEdit(index, row) {
      this.dialogVisible = true
      this.title = '编辑记录'
      this.form = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(row))
    },
    handDelete(index, row) {
      let id = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(row)).id
      this.$axios.delete(`/delete?id=${id}`).then(res => {
        if (res.code == 200) {
          this.$notify.success({
            title: '成功',
            message: res.msg,
            duration: 2000
          })
          this.init()
        } else {
          this.$notify.success({
            title: '失败',
            message: res.msg,
            duration: 2000
          })
        }
      })
    },
    handleClose() {
      this.dialogVisible = false
      this.init()
    },
    reset() {
      let id = undefined
      if ('id' in this.form) {
        id = this.form.id
      }
      this.form = {}
      if (id != undefined) this.form.id = id
    },
    save() {
      this.$refs['form'].validate(valid => {    // 判断是否通过验证
        if (valid) {
          console.log(this.form);
          if ('id' in this.form) {
            // console.log('修改');

            this.$axios.put('/update', this.form).then(res => {
              if (res.code == 200) {
                let _this = this
                this.$notify.success({
                  title: '成功',
                  message: res.msg,
                  duration: 2000,
                  onClose: function () { _this.handleClose() }
                });
              } else {
                this.$notify.error({
                  title: '错误',
                  message: res.msg,
                  duration: 2000
                });
              }
            })

          } else {
            // console.log('添加');

            this.$axios.post('/add', this.form).then(res => {
              if (res.code == 200) {
                let _this = this
                this.$notify.success({
                  title: '成功',
                  message: res.msg,
                  duration: 2000,
                  onClose: function () { _this.handleClose() }
                });
              } else {
                this.$notify.error({
                  title: '错误',
                  message: res.msg,
                  duration: 2000
                });
              }
            })
          }
        }
      })
    }
  }
}
</script>

<style>
h1 {
  text-align: center;
  margin: 50px 0;
}
.el-table {
  width: 60% !important;
  margin: 0 auto;
}
.el-button {
  margin: 0 5px;
}
span.op {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-left: 6px;
}
.el-dialog__body {
  padding-bottom: 0;
}
</style>

<template>
  <div id="app">
    <router-view />
  </div>
</template>

<style>

@import "./assets/css/reset.css";
</style>

* {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

import Vue from 'vue'
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'

Vue.use(VueRouter)

const routes = [
  {
    path: '/',
    name: 'home',
    component: () => import('@/views/Home.vue')
  },
]

const router = new VueRouter({
  mode: 'history',
  base: process.env.BASE_URL,
  routes
})

export default router

npm run serve

pip install flask

pip install flask_cors

pip install pymysql

# 统一的json返回格式

class JsonResponse(object):

    def __init__(self, code, msg, data):
        self.code = code
        self.msg = msg
        self.data = data

    # 指定一个类的方法为类方法，通常用self来传递当前类的实例--对象，cls传递当前类。
    @claSSMethod
    def success(cls, code=200, msg='success', data=None):
        return cls(code, msg, data)

    @classmethod
    def fail(cls, code=400, msg='fail', data=None):
        return cls(code, msg, data)

    def to_dict(self):
        return {
            "code": self.code,
            "msg": self.msg,
            "data": self.data
        }

from flask import Flask, jsonify

from json_response import JsonResponse

class JsonFlask(Flask):
    def make_response(self, rv):
        # 视图函数可以直接返回: list、dict、None
        if rv is None or isinstance(rv, (list, dict)):
            rv = JsonResponse.success(rv)

        if isinstance(rv, JsonResponse):
            rv = jsonify(rv.to_dict())

        return super().make_response(rv)

# 数据库操作类

import pymysql

DB_CONFIG = {
	"host": "127.0.0.1",
	"port": 3306,
	"user": "root",
	"passwd": "123456",
	"db": "test",
	"charset": "utf8"
}

class SQLManager(object):

	# 初始化实例方法
	def __init__(self):
		self.conn = None
		self.cursor = None
		self.connect()

	# 连接数据库
	def connect(self):
		self.conn = pymysql.connect(
			host=DB_CONFIG["host"],
			port=DB_CONFIG["port"],
			user=DB_CONFIG["user"],
			passwd=DB_CONFIG["passwd"],
			db=DB_CONFIG["db"],
			charset=DB_CONFIG["charset"]
		)
		self.cursor = self.conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)

	# 查询多条数据
	def get_list(self, sql, args=None):
		self.cursor.execute(sql, args)
		return self.cursor.fetchall()

	# 查询单条数据
	def get_one(self, sql, args=None):
		self.cursor.execute(sql, args)
		return self.cursor.fetchone()

	# 执行单条SQL语句
	def modify(self, sql, args=None):
		row = self.cursor.execute(sql, args)
		self.conn.commit()
		return row > 0

	# 执行多条SQL语句
	def multi_modify(self, sql, args=None):
		rows = self.cursor.executemany(sql, args)
		self.conn.commit()
		return rows > 0

	# 关闭数据库cursor和连接
	def close(self):
		self.cursor.close()
		self.conn.close()

from flask import request
from flask_cors import *

from json_flask import JsonFlask
from json_response import JsonResponse
from config import *

import json

# 创建视图应用
app = JsonFlask(__name__)

# 解决跨域
CORS(app, supports_credentials=True)

db = SQLManager()

# 编写视图函数，绑定路由
@app.route("/all", methods=["GET"])  # 查询（全部）
def all():
    result = db.get_list(sql='select * from user')
    return JsonResponse.success(msg='查询成功', data=result)

@app.route("/add", methods=["POST"])  # 添加（单个）
def add():
    data = json.loads(request.data)  # 将json字符串转为dict
    isOk = db.modify(sql='insert into user(name,age,sex) values(%s,%s,%s)',
                      args=[data['name'], data['age'], data['sex']])
    return JsonResponse.success(msg='添加成功') if isOk else JsonResponse.fail(msg='添加失败')

@app.route("/update", methods=["PUT"])  # 修改（单个）
def update():
    data = json.loads(request.data)  # 将json字符串转为dict
    if 'id' not in data:
        return JsonResponse.fail(msg='需要传入id')
    isOk = db.modify(sql='update user set name=%s,age=%s,sex=%s where id=%s',
                      args=[data['name'], data['age'], data['sex'], data['id']])
    return JsonResponse.success(msg='修改成功') if isOk else JsonResponse.fail(msg='修改失败')

@app.route("/delete", methods=["DELETE"])  # 删除（单个）
def delete():
    if 'id' not in request.args:
        return JsonResponse.fail(msg='需要传入id')
    isOk = db.modify(sql='delete from user where id=%s', args=[request.args['id']])
    return JsonResponse.success(msg='删除成功') if isOk else JsonResponse.fail(msg='删除失败')

# 运行flask：默认是5000端口，此处设置端口为666
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=666, debug=True)

SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for user
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user`  (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci NOT NULL,
  `age` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `sex` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 11 CHARACTER SET = gbk COLLATE = gbk_chinese_ci ROW_FORMAT = Compact;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of user
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (1, 'tom', 20, '男');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (2, 'mary', 20, '女');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (3, 'jack', 21, '男');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (5, 'test', 20, '未知');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (8, 'tom', 20, '男');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (9, 'add', 20, '未知');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (10, 'Saly', 11, '女');

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;