JUC集合: CopyOnWriteArrayList详解

public class CopyOnWriteArrayList<E> implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable {}

static final class COWIterator<E> implements ListIterator<E> {
    
    // 快照
    private final Object[] snapshot;
    
    // 游标
    private int cursor;
    // 构造函数
    private COWIterator(Object[] elements, int initialCursor) {
        cursor = initialCursor;
        snapshot = elements;
    }
    // 是否还有下一项
    public boolean hasNext() {
        return cursor < snapshot.length;
    }
    // 是否有上一项
    public boolean hasPrevious() {
        return cursor > 0;
    }
    // next项
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public E next() {
        if (! hasNext()) // 不存在下一项，抛出异常
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        // 返回下一项
        return (E) snapshot[cursor++];
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public E previous() {
        if (! hasPrevious())
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        return (E) snapshot[--cursor];
    }
    
    // 下一项索引
    public int nextIndex() {
        return cursor;
    }
    
    // 上一项索引
    public int previousIndex() {
        return cursor-1;
    }

    
    // 不支持remove操作
    public void remove() {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    
    // 不支持set操作
    public void set(E e) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    
    // 不支持add操作
    public void add(E e) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    @Override
    public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> action) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(action);
        Object[] elements = snapshot;
        final int size = elements.length;
        for (int i = cursor; i < size; i++) {
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") E e = (E) elements[i];
            action.accept(e);
        }
        cursor = size;
    }
}

public class CopyOnWriteArrayList<E>
    implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable {
    // 版本序列号
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 8673264195747942595L;
    // 可重入锁
    final transient ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    // 对象数组，用于存放元素
    private transient volatile Object[] array;
    // 反射机制
    private static final sun.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE;
    // lock域的内存偏移量
    private static final long lockOffset;
    static {
        try {
            UNSAFE = sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe();
            Class<?> k = CopyOnWriteArrayList.class;
            lockOffset = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset
                (k.getDeclaredField("lock"));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new Error(e);
        }
    }
}

public CopyOnWriteArrayList() {
    // 设置数组
    setArray(new Object[0]);
}

public CopyOnWriteArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) {
    Object[] elements;
    if (c.getClass() == CopyOnWriteArrayList.class) // 类型相同
        // 获取c集合的数组
        elements = ((CopyOnWriteArrayList<?>)c).getArray();
    else { // 类型不相同
        // 将c集合转化为数组并赋值给elements
        elements = c.toArray();
        // c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)
        if (elements.getClass() != Object[].class) // elements类型不为Object[]类型
            // 将elements数组转化为Object[]类型的数组
            elements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, elements.length, Object[].class);
    }
    // 设置数组
    setArray(elements);
}

public CopyOnWriteArrayList(E[] toCopyIn) {
    // 将toCopyIn转化为Object[]类型数组，然后设置当前数组
    setArray(Arrays.copyOf(toCopyIn, toCopyIn.length, Object[].class));
}

public static <T,U> T[] copyOf(U[] original, int newLength, Class<? extends T[]> newType) {
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    // 确定copy的类型(将newType转化为Object类型，将Object[].class转化为Object类型，判断两者是否相等，若相等，则生成指定长度的Object数组
    // 否则,生成指定长度的新类型的数组)
    T[] copy = ((Object)newType == (Object)Object[].class)
        ? (T[]) new Object[newLength]
        : (T[]) Array.newInstance(newType.getComponentType(), newLength);
    // 将original数组从下标0开始，复制长度为(original.length和newLength的较小者),复制到copy数组中(也从下标0开始)
    System.arraycopy(original, 0, copy, 0,
                        Math.min(original.length, newLength));
    return copy;
}

public boolean add(E e) {
    // 可重入锁
    final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
    // 获取锁
    lock.lock();
    try {
        // 元素数组
        Object[] elements = getArray();
        // 数组长度
        int len = elements.length;
        // 复制数组
        Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len + 1);
        // 存放元素e
        newElements[len] = e;
        // 设置数组
        setArray(newElements);
        return true;
    } finally {
        // 释放锁
        lock.unlock();
    }
}

private boolean addIfAbsent(E e, Object[] snapshot) {
    // 重入锁
    final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
    // 获取锁
    lock.lock();
    try {
        // 获取数组
        Object[] current = getArray();
        // 数组长度
        int len = current.length;
        if (snapshot != current) { // 快照不等于当前数组，对数组进行了修改
            // Optimize for lost race to another addXXX operation
            // 取较小者
            int common = Math.min(snapshot.length, len);
            for (int i = 0; i < common; i++) // 遍历
                if (current[i] != snapshot[i] && eq(e, current[i])) // 当前数组的元素与快照的元素不相等并且e与当前元素相等
                    // 表示在snapshot与current之间修改了数组，并且设置了数组某一元素为e，已经存在
                    // 返回
                    return false;
            if (indexOf(e, current, common, len) >= 0) // 在当前数组中找到e元素
                    // 返回
                    return false;
        }
        // 复制数组
        Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(current, len + 1);
        // 对数组len索引的元素赋值为e
        newElements[len] = e;
        // 设置数组
        setArray(newElements);
        return true;
    } finally {
        // 释放锁
        lock.unlock();
    }
}

public E set(int index, E element) {
    // 可重入锁
    final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
    // 获取锁
    lock.lock();
    try {
        // 获取数组
        Object[] elements = getArray();
        // 获取index索引的元素
        E oldValue = get(elements, index);

        if (oldValue != element) { // 旧值等于element
            // 数组长度
            int len = elements.length;
            // 复制数组
            Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len);
            // 重新赋值index索引的值
            newElements[index] = element;
            // 设置数组
            setArray(newElements);
        } else {
            // Not quite a no-op; ensures volatile write semantics
            // 设置数组
            setArray(elements);
        }
        // 返回旧值
        return oldValue;
    } finally {
        // 释放锁
        lock.unlock();
    }
}

public E remove(int index) {
    // 可重入锁
    final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
    // 获取锁
    lock.lock();
    try {
        // 获取数组
        Object[] elements = getArray();
        // 数组长度
        int len = elements.length;
        // 获取旧值
        E oldValue = get(elements, index);
        // 需要移动的元素个数
        int numMoved = len - index - 1;
        if (numMoved == 0) // 移动个数为0
            // 复制后设置数组
            setArray(Arrays.copyOf(elements, len - 1));
        else { // 移动个数不为0
            // 新生数组
            Object[] newElements = new Object[len - 1];
            // 复制index索引之前的元素
            System.arraycopy(elements, 0, newElements, 0, index);
            // 复制index索引之后的元素
            System.arraycopy(elements, index + 1, newElements, index,
                                numMoved);
            // 设置索引
            setArray(newElements);
        }
        // 返回旧值
        return oldValue;
    } finally {
        // 释放锁
        lock.unlock();
    }
}

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;

class PutThread extends Thread {
    private CopyOnWriteArrayList<Integer> cowal;

    public PutThread(CopyOnWriteArrayList<Integer> cowal) {
        this.cowal = cowal;
    }

    public void run() {
        try {
            for (int i = 100; i < 110; i++) {
                cowal.add(i);
                Thread.sleep(50);
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

public class CopyOnWriteArrayListDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CopyOnWriteArrayList<Integer> cowal = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Integer>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            cowal.add(i);
        }
        PutThread p1 = new PutThread(cowal);
        p1.start();
        Iterator<Integer> iterator = cowal.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            System.out.print(iterator.next() + " ");
        }
        System.out.println();
        try {
            Thread.sleep(200);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        
        iterator = cowal.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            System.out.print(iterator.next() + " ");
        }
    }
}