Android硬件通信之 串口通信

一，串口介绍

1 串口简介

串行接口简称串口，也称串行通信接口或串行通讯接口（通常指COM接口），是采用串行通信方式的扩展接口；

串行接口（SerialInterface）是指数据一位一位地顺序传送。其特点是通信线路简单，只要一对传输线就可以实现双向通信（可以直接利用电话线作为传输线），从而大大降低了成本，特别适用于远距离通信，但传送速度较慢；

2 串口使用场景

串口是一种用于Android开发板对硬件设备通信的一种协议，通过发送某种指令控制硬件设备，通常用于物联网设备的信息传输，比如切割器，打印机，ATM吐卡机、IC/ID卡读卡等。

3 波特率

波特率表示串口传输速率，用来衡量数据传输的快慢，即单位时间内载波参数变化的次数，如每秒钟传送240个字符，而每个字符格式包含10位（1个起始位，1个停止位，8个数据位），这时的波特率为240Bd，比特率为10位*240个/秒=2400bps。波特率与距离成反比，波特率越大传输距离相应的就越短；

4 数据位

这是衡量通信中实际数据位的参数。当计算机发送一个信息包，实际的数据往往不会是8位的，标准的值是6、7和8位。如何设置取决于你想传送的信息；

5 停止位

用于表示单个包的最后一位。典型的值为1，1.5和2位。由于数据是在传输线上定时的，并且每一个设备有其自己的时钟，很可能在通信中两台设备间出现了小小的不同步。因此停止位不仅仅是表示传输的结束，并且提供计算机校正时钟同步的机会。适用于停止位的位数越多，不同时钟同步的容忍程度越大，但是数据传输率同时也越慢；

6 校验位

在串口通信中一种简单的检错方式。有四种检错方式：偶、奇、高和低。当然没有校验位也是可以的。对于偶和奇校验的情况，串口会设置校验位（数据位后面的一位），用一个值确保传输的数据有偶个或者奇个逻辑高位；

7 串口地址

不同操作系统的串口地址，Android是基于linux的所以一般情况下使用Android系统的设备串口地址为/dev/ttyS0；

• /dev的串口包括：虚拟串口，真实串口，USB转串口
• 真实串口：/dev/tty0..tty1这个一般为机器自带COM口
• 虚拟串口：/dev/ttyS1...ttyS2...ttyS3...均为虚拟console，同样可以作为输入输出口
• USB转串口：/dev/tty/USB0

二 Android中串口的实践

1 由于串口底层需要调用C代码，所以需要用jni来进行C交互，下面是全部的C代码，以及JNI调用

1 SerialPort.h

#include #ifndef _Included_android_serialport_SerialPort#define _Included_android_serialport_SerialPort#ifdef __cplusplusextern "C" {#endifJNIEXPORT jobject JNICALL Java_android_serialport_SerialPort_open  (JNIEnv *, jobject, jstring, jint, jint, jint, jint, jint);JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_android_serialport_SerialPort_close  (JNIEnv *, jobject);#ifdef __cplusplus}#endif#endif#ifndef _Included_android_serialport_SerialPort_Builder#define _Included_android_serialport_SerialPort_Builder#ifdef __cplusplusextern "C" {#endif#ifdef __cplusplus}#endif#endif

2 SerialPort.c

#include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "SerialPort.h"#include "android/log.h"static const char *TAG = "serial_port";#define LOGI(fmt, args...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO,  TAG, fmt, ##args)#define LOGD(fmt, args...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, TAG, fmt, ##args)#define LOGE(fmt, args...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, TAG, fmt, ##args)static speed_t getBaudrate(jint baudrate) {    switch (baudrate) {        case 0:            return B0;        case 50:            return B50;        case 75:            return B75;        case 110:            return B110;        case 134:            return B134;        case 150:            return B150;        case 200:            return B200;        case 300:            return B300;        case 600:            return B600;        case 1200:            return B1200;        case 1800:            return B1800;        case 2400:            return B2400;        case 4800:            return B4800;        case 9600:            return B9600;        case 19200:            return B19200;        case 38400:            return B38400;        case 57600:            return B57600;        case 115200:            return B115200;        case 230400:            return B230400;        case 460800:            return B460800;        case 500000:            return B500000;        case 576000:            return B576000;        case 921600:            return B921600;        case 1000000:            return B1000000;        case 1152000:            return B1152000;        case 1500000:            return B1500000;        case 2000000:            return B2000000;        case 2500000:            return B2500000;        case 3000000:            return B3000000;        case 3500000:            return B3500000;        case 4000000:            return B4000000;        default:            return -1;    }}JNIEXPORT jobject JNICALL Java_android_serialport_SerialPort_open        (JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jstring path, jint baudrate, jint dataBits, jint parity,         jint stopBits,         jint flags) {    int fd;    speed_t speed;    jobject mFileDescriptor;        {        speed = getBaudrate(baudrate);        if (speed == -1) {                        LOGE("Invalid baudrate");            return NULL;        }    }        {        jboolean iscopy;        const char *path_utf = (*env)->GetStringUTFChars(env, path, &iscopy);        LOGD("Opening serial port %s with flags 0x%x", path_utf, O_RDWR | flags);        fd = open(path_utf, O_RDWR | flags);        LOGD("open() fd = %d", fd);        (*env)->ReleaseStringUTFChars(env, path, path_utf);        if (fd == -1) {                        LOGE("Cannot open port");                        return NULL;        }    }        {        struct termios cfg;        LOGD("Configuring serial port");        if (tcgetattr(fd, &cfg)) {            LOGE("tcgetattr() failed");            close(fd);                        return NULL;        }        cfmakeraw(&cfg);        cfsetispeed(&cfg, speed);        cfsetospeed(&cfg, speed);        cfg.c_cflag &= ~CSIZE;        switch (dataBits) {            case 5:                cfg.c_cflag |= CS5;    //使用5位数据位                break;            case 6:                cfg.c_cflag |= CS6;    //使用6位数据位                break;            case 7:                cfg.c_cflag |= CS7;    //使用7位数据位                break;            case 8:                cfg.c_cflag |= CS8;    //使用8位数据位                break;            default:                cfg.c_cflag |= CS8;                break;        }        switch (parity) {            case 0:                cfg.c_cflag &= ~PARENB;    //无奇偶校验                break;            case 1:                cfg.c_cflag |= (PARODD | PARENB);   //奇校验                break;            case 2:                cfg.c_iflag &= ~(IGNPAR | PARMRK); // 偶校验                cfg.c_iflag |= INPCK;                cfg.c_cflag |= PARENB;                cfg.c_cflag &= ~PARODD;                break;            default:                cfg.c_cflag &= ~PARENB;                break;        }        switch (stopBits) {            case 1:                cfg.c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB;    //1位停止位                break;            case 2:                cfg.c_cflag |= CSTOPB;    //2位停止位                break;            default:                cfg.c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB;    //1位停止位                break;        }        if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &cfg)) {            LOGE("tcsetattr() failed");            close(fd);                        return NULL;        }    }        {        jclass cFileDescriptor = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/io/FileDescriptor");        jmethodID iFileDescriptor = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, cFileDescriptor, "", "()V");        jfieldID descriptorID = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, cFileDescriptor, "descriptor", "I");        mFileDescriptor = (*env)->NewObject(env, cFileDescriptor, iFileDescriptor);        (*env)->SetIntField(env, mFileDescriptor, descriptorID, (jint) fd);    }    return mFileDescriptor;}JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_android_serialport_SerialPort_close        (JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz) {    jclass SerialPortClass = (*env)->GetObjectClass(env, thiz);    jclass FileDescriptorClass = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/io/FileDescriptor");    jfieldID mFdID = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, SerialPortClass, "mFd", "Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;");    jfieldID descriptorID = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, FileDescriptorClass, "descriptor", "I");    jobject mFd = (*env)->GetObjectField(env, thiz, mFdID);    jint descriptor = (*env)->GetIntField(env, mFd, descriptorID);    LOGD("close(fd = %d)", descriptor);    close(descriptor);}

3 gen_SerialPort_h.sh 生成java的文件目录

#!/bin/shjavah -o SerialPort.h -jni -classpath ../java android.serialport.SerialPort

4 SerialPort.java jni对应的java文件

package android.serialport;import android.util.Log;import androidx.annotation.NonNull;import androidx.annotation.Nullable;import java.io.DataOutputStream;import java.io.File;import java.io.FileDescriptor;import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.OutputStream;public final class SerialPort {    private static final String TAG = "SerialPort";    public static final String DEFAULT_SU_PATH = "/system/bin/su";    private static String sSuPath = DEFAULT_SU_PATH;    private File device;    private int baudrate;    private int dataBits;    private int parity;    private int stopBits;    private int flags;        public static void setSuPath(@Nullable String suPath) {        if (suPath == null) {            return;        }        sSuPath = suPath;    }        @NonNull    public static String getSuPath() {        return sSuPath;    }        private FileDescriptor mFd;    private FileInputStream mFileInputStream;    private FileOutputStream mFileOutputStream;        public SerialPort(@NonNull File device, int baudrate, int dataBits, int parity, int stopBits,                      int flags) throws SecurityException, IOException {        this.device = device;        this.baudrate = baudrate;        this.dataBits = dataBits;        this.parity = parity;        this.stopBits = stopBits;        this.flags = flags;                Log.e(TAG, "SerialPort: canRead" + device.canRead());        if (!device.canRead() || !device.canWrite()) {            try {                                Process su;                su = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(sSuPath);                String cmd = "chmod 666 " + device.getAbsolutePath() + "\n" + "exit\n";                su.getOutputStream().write(cmd.getBytes());                if ((su.waitFor() != 0) || !device.canRead() || !device.canWrite()) {                    throw new SecurityException();                }            } catch (Exception e) {                e.printStackTrace();                throw new SecurityException();            }        }        mFd = open(device.getAbsolutePath(), baudrate, dataBits, parity, stopBits, flags);        if (mFd == null) {            Log.e(TAG, "native open returns null");            throw new IOException();        }        mFileInputStream = new FileInputStream(mFd);        mFileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(mFd);    }        public SerialPort(@NonNull File device, int baudrate) throws SecurityException, IOException {        this(device, baudrate, 8, 0, 1, 0);    }        public SerialPort(@NonNull File device, int baudrate, int dataBits, int parity, int stopBits)            throws SecurityException, IOException {        this(device, baudrate, dataBits, parity, stopBits, 0);    }    // Getters and setters    @NonNull    public InputStream getInputStream() {        return mFileInputStream;    }    @NonNull    public OutputStream getOutputStream() {        return mFileOutputStream;    }        @NonNull    public File getDevice() {        return device;    }        public int getBaudrate() {        return baudrate;    }        public int getDataBits() {        return dataBits;    }        public int getParity() {        return parity;    }        public int getStopBits() {        return stopBits;    }    public int getFlags() {        return flags;    }    // JNI    private native FileDescriptor open(String absolutePath, int baudrate, int dataBits, int parity,           int stopBits, int flags);    public native void close();        public void tryClose() {        try {            mFileInputStream.close();        } catch (IOException e) {            //e.printStackTrace();        }        try {            mFileOutputStream.close();        } catch (IOException e) {            //e.printStackTrace();        }        try {            close();        } catch (Exception e) {            //e.printStackTrace();        }    }    static {        System.loadLibrary("serial_port");    }    public static Builder newBuilder(File device, int baudrate) {        return new Builder(device, baudrate);    }    public static Builder newBuilder(String devicePath, int baudrate) {        return new Builder(devicePath, baudrate);    }    public final static class Builder {        private File device;        private int baudrate;        private int dataBits = 8;        private int parity = 0;        private int stopBits = 1;        private int flags = 0;        private Builder(File device, int baudrate) {            this.device = device;            this.baudrate = baudrate;        }        private Builder(String devicePath, int baudrate) {            this(new File(devicePath), baudrate);        }                public Builder dataBits(int dataBits) {            this.dataBits = dataBits;            return this;        }                public Builder parity(int parity) {            this.parity = parity;            return this;        }                public Builder stopBits(int stopBits) {            this.stopBits = stopBits;            return this;        }                public Builder flags(int flags) {            this.flags = flags;            return this;        }                public SerialPort build() throws SecurityException, IOException {            return new SerialPort(device, baudrate, dataBits, parity, stopBits, flags);        }    }    public static void checkFilePermission(File file) {        Log.e(TAG, "canRead: " + file.canRead());        Log.e(TAG, "canWrite: " + file.canWrite());        if (!file.canRead() || !file.canWrite()) {            try {                                Process su;                su = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(sSuPath);                String cmd = "chmod 7777 " + file.getAbsolutePath() + "\n" + "exit\n";                su.getOutputStream().write(cmd.getBytes());                Log.e(TAG, "checkFilePermission: " + file.getAbsolutePath());                if ((su.waitFor() != 0) || !file.canRead() || !file.canWrite()) {                    throw new SecurityException();                }            } catch (Exception e) {                e.printStackTrace();                Log.e(TAG, "checkFilePermission: Exception:" + e.getMessage());                throw new SecurityException();            }        }    }    //隐藏系统导航栏    public void hideBottomNavation() {        chmod("mount -o remount -w /system");        chmod("chmod 777 /system");        chmod("echo qemu.hw.mainkeys=1 >> /system/build.prop");    }    public void chmod(String instruct) {        try {            Process process = null;            DataOutputStream os = null;            process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("su");            os = new DataOutputStream(process.getOutputStream());            os.writeBytes(instruct);            os.flush();            os.close();        } catch (Exception ex) {            ex.printStackTrace();        }    }}

5 CMakeLists.txt，编译c或c++程序的规则文件

Cmake在Jni那篇讲过，这个地方在讲下

CMake是一个可以跨平台的编译工具，可以用简单的语句来描述所有平台的编译过程。他能够输出各种各样的 makefile 或者工程文件。和make与makefile类似，我们在使用CMake时同样也需要一个文件来提供规则，这个文件就是CMakeLists

使用CMake编写跨平台工程的流程如下：

(1)编写源文件

(2)编写CMakeLists.txt

(3)由CMake根据CMakeLists.txt来生成相应的makefile文件

(4)使用make并根据makefile调用GCc来生成相应的可执行文件。

# Sets the minimum version of CMake required to build your native library.# This ensures that a certain set of CMake features is available to# your build.cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4.1)# Specifies a library name, specifies whether the library is STATIC or# SHARED, and provides relative paths to the source code. You can# define multiple libraries by adding multiple add.library() commands,# and CMake builds them for you. When you build your app, Gradle# automatically packages shared libraries with your APK.add_library( # Specifies the name of the library.             serial_port             # Sets the library as a shared library.             SHARED             # Provides a relative path to your source file(s).             src/main/cpp/SerialPort.c )             find_library( # Sets the name of the path variable.              log-lib              # Specifies the name of the NDK library that              # you want CMake to locate.              log )# Specifies libraries CMake should link to your target library. You# can link multiple libraries, such as libraries you define in this# build script, prebuilt third-party libraries, or system libraries.target_link_libraries( # Specifies the target library.                       serial_port                       # Links the target library to the log library                       # included in the NDK.                       ${log-lib} )

5 调用串口-连接，并获取输入输出流

Runnable serialConnectRunnable = new Runnable() {            @Override            public void run() {                try {                    if (mSerialPort == null) {                        mSerialPort = new SerialPort(new File(path), baudrate);                        mOutputStream = mSerialPort.getOutputStream();                        mInputStream = mSerialPort.getInputStream();             }                } catch (SecurityException e) {                    ToastUtil.showToast(App.getInstance(), "You do not have read/write permission to the serial port.");                } catch (IOException e) {                    ToastUtil.showToast(App.getInstance(), "The serial port can not be opened for an unknown reason.");                } catch (InvalidParameterException e) {                    ToastUtil.showToast(App.getInstance(), "Please configure your serial port first.");                }                //Serial结束            }        };

 2.6 读取串口消息

 private class ReadThread extends Thread {        @Override        public void run() {            super.run();            while (!isInterrupted()) {                int size;                try {                    byte[] buffer = new byte[512];                    if (mInputStream == null) return;                    size = mInputStream.read(buffer);                    if (size > 0) {                        String mReception=new String(buffer, 0, size);                        String msg = mReception.toString().trim();                        Log.e(TAG, "接收短消息：" + msg);                    }                } catch (IOException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                    return;                }            }        }    }

7 发送串口指令

 private class WriteRunnable implements Runnable {        @Override        public void run() {            try {                String cmd="KZMT;";                Log.e(TAG, "发送短消息：" + cmd);                mOutputStream.write(cmd.getBytes());                mOutputStream.flush();            } catch (IOException e) {            }        }    }

8 断开关闭串口

public void closeSerialPortStream() {try {if (mOutputStream != null) {mOutputStream.close();mOutputStream = null;}if (mInputStream != null) {mInputStream.close();mInputStream = null;}if (mSerialPort != null) {mSerialPort.close();mSerialPort = null;}  } catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}

三 Google官方串口工具类

1 除了上面自己编程C底层文件，也可以直接用google官方的串口工具SDK(android-serialport-api)，GitHub串口Demo地址:https://github.com/licheedev/Android-SerialPort-API

2 依赖：

allprojects {    repositories {        ...        jcenter()        MavenCentral() // since 2.1.3    }}dependencies {        implementation 'com.licheedev:android-serialport:2.1.3'}

3 使用

// 默认8N1(8数据位、无校验位、1停止位)// Default 8N1 (8 data bits, no parity bit, 1 stop bit)SerialPort serialPort = new SerialPort(path, baudrate);// 可选配置数据位、校验位、停止位 - 7E2(7数据位、偶校验、2停止位)// or with builder (with optional configurations) - 7E2 (7 data bits, even parity, 2 stop bits)SerialPort serialPort = SerialPort     .newBuilder(path, baudrate)// 校验位；0:无校验位(NONE，默认)；1:奇校验位(ODD);2:偶校验位(EVEN)// Check bit; 0: no check bit (NONE, default); 1: odd check bit (ODD); 2: even check bit (EVEN)//    .parity(2) // 数据位,默认8；可选值为5~8// Data bit, default 8; optional value is 5~8//    .dataBits(7) // 停止位，默认1；1:1位停止位；2:2位停止位// Stop bit, default 1; 1:1 stop bit; 2: 2 stop bit//    .stopBits(2)     .build();    // read/write to serial port - needs to be in different thread!InputStream in = serialPort.getInputStream();OutputStream out = serialPort.getOutputStream();// closeserialPort.tryClose();

四 总结

串口通讯使用到进程、Linux指令、JNI等，但本质最终还是获得一个输入输出流去进行读写操作；

串口通讯对于Android开发者来说，仅需关注如何连接、操作(发送指令)、读取数据。

大部分的物联网通信本质上都是获取io流，通过io流进行数据的传输和读取，比如蓝牙，wifi等，只不过蓝牙，wifi是通过Socket协议维持一个长连接进行通信 

来源地址：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_29848853/article/details/130258387