PHP开发中如何使用设计模式解决复杂问题

class Database
{
    private static $instance;

    private function __construct() {}

    public static function getInstance()
    {
        if (!self::$instance) {
            self::$instance = new self();
        }

        return self::$instance;
    }

    public function query($sql)
    {
        // 执行查询操作
    }
}

// 使用示例
$db = Database::getInstance();
$db->query("SELECT * FROM users");

interface PaymentInterface
{
    public function pay($amount);
}

class CreditCardPayment implements PaymentInterface
{
    public function pay($amount)
    {
        // 执行信用卡支付逻辑
    }
}

class PaypalPayment implements PaymentInterface
{
    public function pay($amount)
    {
        // 执行Paypal支付逻辑
    }
}

class PaymentFactory
{
    public static function create($method)
    {
        switch ($method) {
            case 'credit_card':
                return new CreditCardPayment();
                break;
            case 'paypal':
                return new PaypalPayment();
                break;
            default:
                throw new Exception("Unsupported payment method.");
                break;
        }
    }
}

// 使用示例
$paymentMethod = 'credit_card';
$payment = PaymentFactory::create($paymentMethod);
$payment->pay(100);

interface Observer
{
    public function update($data);
}

class User implements Observer
{
    public function update($data)
    {
        echo "User received update: $data
";
    }
}

class Admin implements Observer
{
    public function update($data)
    {
        echo "Admin received update: $data
";
    }
}

class Subject
{
    private $observers = [];

    public function attach(Observer $observer)
    {
        $this->observers[] = $observer;
    }

    public function notify($data)
    {
        foreach ($this->observers as $observer) {
            $observer->update($data);
        }
    }
}

// 使用示例
$subject = new Subject();

$user = new User();
$subject->attach($user);

$admin = new Admin();
$subject->attach($admin);

$subject->notify("New user created");