Go代码检查的推荐工具及使用详解

1. Golint

（1）安装golint

git clone https://GitHub.com/golang/lint.git 
cd lint/golint
go install

（2）使用方式

# 检查单个文件
golint service.go
# 检查当前目录所有.go文件，不会递归查找
golint

（3）golint校验规则

• 不能使用下划线命名法，使用驼峰命名法
• 外部可见程序结构体、变量、函数都需要注释
• 通用名词要求大写 iD/Id -> ID Http -> HTTP JSON -> jsON Url -> URL Ip -> IP sql -> SQL
• 包命名统一小写不使用驼峰和下划线
• 注释第一个单词要求是注释程序主体的名称，注释可选不是必须的
• 外部可见程序实体不建议再加包名前缀
• if语句包含return时，后续代码不能包含在else里面
• errors.New(fmt.Sprintf(…)) 建议写成 fmt.Errorf(…)
• receiver名称不能为this或self
• receiver名称不能为this或self
• 错误变量命名需以 Err/err 开头
• a+=1应该改成a++，a-=1应该改成a--

（4）检查的结果示例如下：

middlewares.go:29:6: exported type xxxInstrumentingMiddleware should have comment or be unexported
middlewares.go:41:1: error should be the last type when returning multiple items
middlewares.go:41:1: exported method xxxInstrumentingMiddleware.Creativexxx should have comment or be unexported
middlewares.go:88:1: error should be the last type when returning multiple items
middlewares.go:88:1: exported method xxxInstrumentingMiddleware.CreativexxxRTB should have comment or be unexported
middlewares.go:135:1: error should be the last type when returning multiple items
middlewares.go:135:1: exported method xxxInstrumentingMiddleware.UpdateConf should have comment or be unexported
middlewares.go:141:1: error should be the last type when returning multiple items
middlewares.go:141:1: exported method xxxInstrumentingMiddleware.GetConf should have comment or be unexported
middlewares.go:147:1: exported function NewWrappedxxxInstrumentingMiddleware should have comment or be unexported
middlewares.go:218:6: exported type xxxInstrumentingMiddleware should have comment or be unexported
middlewares.go:225:1: exported method xxxInstrumentingMiddleware.Predictgrpc should have comment or be unexported
middlewares.go:250:1: exported function NewxxxInstrumentingMiddleware should have comment or be unexported
middlewares.go:281:6: exported type xxxxxxInstrumentingMiddleware should have comment or be unexported
middlewares.go:288:1: exported method xxxxxxInstrumentingMiddleware.PredictGrpc should have comment or be unexported
middlewares.go:288:116: method parameter appId should be appID
middlewares.go:306:1: exported function NewxxxxxxInstrumentingMiddleware should have comment or be unexported
xxx_callee.go:1:1: package comment should be of the fORM "Package xxxservice ..."
xxx_callee.go:1:1: package comment should not have leading space
xxx_callee.go:1:1: package comment should be of the form "Package xxxservice ..."
xxx_callee.go:1:1: package comment should not have leading space
xxx_callee.go:1:1: package comment should be of the form "Package xxxservice ..."
xxx_callee.go:1:1: package comment should not have leading space
xxx_callee.go:38:96: method parameter appId should be appID
service.go:124:5: exported const xxxLevelLowerLimit should have comment (or a comment on this block) or be unexported
service.go:134:6: exported type xxxTdbankConfig should have comment or be unexported
service.go:138:6: exported type xxxConfig should have comment or be unexported
service.go:152:6: exported type xxxResponse should have comment or be unexported
service.go:162:6: exported type xxxMetaDataCache should have comment or be unexported
service.go:515:1: error should be the last type when returning multiple items
service.go:592:9: range var appId should be appID
service.go:604:16: range var appIdStr should be appIDStr
service.go:609:17: var appId should be appID
service.go:688:13: range var appId should be appID
service.go:801:13: range var appId should be appID
service.go:806:13: var behaviorGameIdList should be behaviorGameIDList

IDE集成工具参考：https://www.jb51.net/article/229273.htm

2. GolanGCi-lint

（1）安装golangci-lint

curl -sSfL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/golangci/golangci-lint/master/install.sh | sh -s -- -b $(go env GOPATH)/bin v1.41.1
golangci-lint --version

（2）使用方式

# 检查单个文件
golangci-lint run service.go
# 指定目录
golangci-lint run internal/
# 检查当前目录所有.go文件，会递归查找当前目录及子目录
golangci-lint run

（3）golangci-lint校验规则

golangci-lint运行时会在当前目录查找配置文件

• golangci.yml
• .golangci.yaml
• .golangci.toml
• .golangci.json

具体配置参考：

https://golangci-lint.run/usage/configuration/

（4）检查的结果示例如下，-v参数可以看到更详细的检查结果

# golangci-lint run -v service/service.go
INFO [config_reader] Config search paths: [./ /data/xxx/code/xxx/internal/xxx/service /data/xxx/code/xxx/internal/xxx /data/xxx/code/xxx/internal /data/xxx/code/xxx /data/xxx/code /data/xxx /data / /root]
INFO [lintersdb] Active 10 linters: [deadcode errcheck gosimple govet ineffassign staticcheck structcheck typecheck unused varcheck]
INFO [loader] Go packages loading at mode 575 (compiled_files|exports_file|name|types_sizes|deps|files|imports) took 448.248885ms
INFO [runner/filename_unadjuster] Pre-built 0 adjustments in 7.130535ms
INFO [linters context/goanalysis] analyzers took 4.744573ms with top 10 stages: buildir: 629.354µs, fact_deprecated: 514.772µs, inspect: 435.291µs, ctrlflow: 362.378µs, typedness: 353.563µs, printf: 345.2µs, SA5012: 345.028µs, fact_purity: 333.959µs, nilness: 333.457µs, isgenerated: 28.152µs
INFO [runner/max_same_issues] 1/4 issues with text "undeclared name: `ModelInstrumentingMiddleware`" were hidden, use --max-same-issues
INFO [runner/max_same_issues] 1/4 issues with text "undeclared name: `NewModelInstrumentingMiddleware`" were hidden, use --max-same-issues
INFO [runner] Issues before processing: 2608, after processing: 9
INFO [runner] Processors filtering stat (out/in): skip_files: 2608/2608, max_from_linter: 9/9, path_shortener: 9/9, path_prefixer: 9/9, skip_dirs: 2608/2608, identifier_marker: 2608/2608, exclude: 2608/2608, nolint: 2608/2608, diff: 11/11, max_per_file_from_linter: 11/11, severity-rules: 9/9, sort_results: 9/9, filename_unadjuster: 2608/2608, path_prettifier: 2608/2608, autogenerated_exclude: 2608/2608, exclude-rules: 2608/2608, source_code: 9/9, cgo: 2608/2608, uniq_by_line: 11/2608, max_same_issues: 9/11
INFO [runner] processing took 103.631607ms with stages: exclude-rules: 61.093674ms, identifier_marker: 32.814984ms, nolint: 7.481643ms, path_prettifier: 1.299346ms, skip_dirs: 217.899µs, uniq_by_line: 187.231µs, source_code: 145.003µs, filename_unadjuster: 132.84µs, cgo: 117.621µs, autogenerated_exclude: 93.646µs, max_same_issues: 37.831µs, path_shortener: 2.715µs, max_from_linter: 2.375µs, max_per_file_from_linter: 1.845µs, exclude: 621ns, severity-rules: 511ns, sort_results: 490ns, skip_files: 471ns, diff: 470ns, path_prefixer: 391ns
INFO [runner] linters took 434.383892ms with stages: goanalysis_metalinter: 330.666778ms
service/service.go:72:29: undeclared name: `ModelInstrumentingMiddleware` (typecheck)
    xxxService            *ModelInstrumentingMiddleware
                            ^
service/service.go:73:29: undeclared name: `ModelInstrumentingMiddleware` (typecheck)
    xxxCalibrationService *ModelInstrumentingMiddleware
                            ^
service/service.go:74:29: undeclared name: `ModelInstrumentingMiddleware` (typecheck)
    xxxCalibrationService *ModelInstrumentingMiddleware
                            ^
service/service.go:76:29: undeclared name: `xxxModelInstrumentingMiddleware` (typecheck)
    xxxService             *xxxModelInstrumentingMiddleware
                            ^
service/service.go:412:33: undeclared name: `NewModelInstrumentingMiddleware` (typecheck)
        xxxService:            NewModelInstrumentingMiddleware(NewxxxService(logger), "xxx_MODEL"),
                                ^
service/service.go:413:33: undeclared name: `NewModelInstrumentingMiddleware` (typecheck)
        xxxCalibrationService: NewModelInstrumentingMiddleware(NewxxxCalibrationService(logger), "xxx_CALIBRATION_MODEL"),
                                ^
service/service.go:414:33: undeclared name: `NewModelInstrumentingMiddleware` (typecheck)
        xxxService:            NewModelInstrumentingMiddleware(NewxxxService(logger), "xxx_MODEL"),
                                ^
service/service.go:416:33: undeclared name: `NewxxxModelInstrumentingMiddleware` (typecheck)
        xxxService:             NewxxxModelInstrumentingMiddleware(NewxxxService(logger), "xxx_MODEL"),
                                ^
service/service.go:448:17: undeclared name: `NewWrappedxxxInstrumentingMiddleware` (typecheck)
    wapedSvc := NewWrappedxxxInstrumentingMiddleware(svc)
                ^
INFO File cache stats: 1 entries of total size 183.6KiB
INFO Memory: 10 samples, avg is 70.1MB, max is 128.1MB
INFO Execution took 893.716ms

3. Go-reporter

github地址：https://github.com/qax-os/goreporter

1）安装codestyle

# golang版本需要 >=1.6
yum -y install graphviz
go get -u github.com/360EntSecGroup-Skylar/goreporter

（2）使用方式

# 展示指令可用参数
goreporter -p [projectRelativePath] -r [reportPath] -e [exceptPackagesName] -f [json/html/text]  {-t templatePathIfHtml}
-version Version of GoReporter.
-p Must be a valid Golang project path.
-r Save the path to the report.
-e Exceptional packages (multiple separated by commas, for example: "linters/aligncheck,linters/cyclo" ).
-f report format json, html OR text.
-t Template path,if not specified, the default template will be used.
By default, the default template is used to generate reports in html format.

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