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SpringBoot整合Thymeleaf详解

2024-04-02 19:04:59 813人浏览安东尼

Python 官方文档：入门教程 => 点击学习

摘要

目录 Thymeleaf基本介绍基本语法th:text文本替换th:if和th:unless文本替换th:each foreach循环th:id、th:value、th:c

Thymeleaf

基本介绍

Spring Boot 官方推荐使用 Thymeleaf 作为其模板引擎。SpringBoot 为 Thymeleaf 提供了一系列默认配置，并且为Thymeleaf提供了视图解析器。项目中一但导入了 Thymeleaf 的依赖，相对应的自动配置（ThymeleafAutoConfiguration）就会自动生效，因此 Thymeleaf 可以与 spring Boot 完美整合。Thymeleaf模板引擎可以和html标签完美结合，便于后端渲染数据。Thymeleaf支持静态效果和动态效果，在没有动态数据的时候，会展示静态效果模板引擎是为了使用户界面与业务数据（内容）分离而产生的，它可以生成特定格式的文档，用于网站的模板引擎就会生成一个标准的HTML文档就是将模板文件和数据通过模板引擎生成一个HTML代码**常见的模板引擎有：jsp、freemarker、velocity、thymeleafThymeleaf默认写的位置是在templates这个目录下面Thymeleaf官网:https://www.thymeleaf.org/

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>

Thymeleaf默认的视图路径是：/ resources/templates,在这个目录下面创建html并引入thymeleaf

<html lang="en" xmlns:th="Http://www.thymleaf.org">

xmlns:th=“http://www.thymleaf.org”>

基本语法

${域属性名}:获得request域中的域属性值并显示
${session.域属性名}: 获得session域中的域属性值并显示

< p th:text="${name}">aaa</p>

如果取得到数据的话，就会渲染成动态画面，否则就渲染成静态画面(只显示学生管理系统只显示学生管理系统这几个字)

th:text文本替换

<span th:text="${user.name}">Tom</span>

th:if和th:unless文本替换

使用th:if和th:unless属性进行条件判断，th:unlessth:unless刚好相反，只有表达式条件不成立才会显示内容

<h2 th:if="${age>=18}">成年</h2>
<h2 th:unless="${age>=18}">未成年</h2>

th:each foreach循环

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .tb-stus{
            width: 900px;
            margin: 0 auto;
            border: black 1px solid;
            border-collapse: collapse;
        }
        .tb-stus th,td{
            padding: 10px;
            text-align: center;
            border:1px solid black;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <h2 align="center">学生管理系统</h2>
    <table class="tb-stus">
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>序号</th>
                <th>姓名</th>
                <th>年龄</th>
                <th>性别</th>
                <th>班级</th>
                <th>生日</th>
                <th>操作</th>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
            <tr th:each="stu:${stuList}">
                <td>1</td>
                <td th:text="${stu.name}">aa</td>
                <td>22</td>
                <td>男</td>
                <td>计科1班</td>
                <td>2022-2-3</td>
                <td>
                    <a href="#" rel="external nofollow" >删除</a>
                </td>
            </tr>
        </tbody>
    </table>
</body>
</html>

th:href和@{}链接表达式

<!--http://localhost:8080/stu/10 -->
<a th:href="${'/stus/'+ stu.id}" rel="external nofollow" >编辑学生1</a>

<!--http://localhost:8080/stu?id=10 -->
<a th:href="@{/stus(id=${stu.id})}" rel="external nofollow" >编辑学生2</a>

<!--http://localhost:8080/stu?id=10&name=abc -->
<a th:href="@{/stus(id=${stu.id},name=${stu.name})}" rel="external nofollow" >编辑学生3</a>

th:switch和th:case

<div th:switch="${stu.role}">
  <h2 th:case="banzhang">班长</h2>
  <h2 th:case="tuanzhishu">团支书</h2>
  <h2 th:case="${data}">学委</h2>
  <h2 th:case="*">其他</h2>
  
</div>

thymeleaf默认给变量名+Stat的状态

如果没有显示设置状态变量，thymeleaf会默认给一个变量名+Stat的状态

<tr th:each="stu: ${stus}">
  <td th:text="${stuStat.index}"></td>
  <td th:text="${ stu.name}"></td>
  <td th:text="${ stu.age}"></td>    
</tr>

th:id、th:value、th:checked等(和form表单相关)

th:object可以定义对象属性
*{}可以和th:object配合使用，可以取出对象中的属性
#dates.format()可以用来格式化日期格式

 <form th:object="${stu}">
        编号:<input type="text" name="id" th:value="*{id}"><br>
        姓名:<input type="text" name="name" th:value="*{name}"><br>
        年龄:<input type="text" name="age" th:value="*{age}"><br>
        性别:<input type="radio" name="gender" value="true" th:checked="*{gender}">男<br>
        性别:<input type="radio" name="gender" value="true" th:checked="*{not gender}">女<br>
        生日:<input type="text" name="birth" th:value="*{#dates.format(birth,'yyyy-MM-dd')}"><br>
        <input type="submit" value="编辑">
    </form>

整合Thymeleaf

基本配置

创建项目的时候，记得在模板引擎中勾选Thymeleaf

在pom.xml中把Mysql驱动的作用域删除
然后我们这里使用druid连接池，所以需要在pom文件导入相关依赖

 <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.11</version>
        </dependency>

然后我们需要在全局配置文件application.properties中进行相关配置

# 指定mybatis的Mapper接口的xml映射文件的路径
mybatis.mapper-locations=classpath:mapper
    @Select("select * from stu")
     List<Stu> queryAllStu() throws Exception;
}

Service

public interface StuService  {
    
    List<Stu> queryAllStu() throws Exception;
}

Service的实现类

@Service
public class StuServiceImpl implements StuService {
    @Autowired
    private StuMapper stuMapper;
    @Override
    public List<Stu> queryAllStu() throws Exception {
         return stuMapper.queryAllStu();
    }
}

thymeleaf

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymleaf.org">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h2>学生管理系统</h2>
    <h2 th:text="${name}">aaaa</h2>
  </body>
</html>

Controller

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/stu")
public class StuController {
    @Autowired
    private StuService stuService;
    
    @RequestMapping("/stusUi")
    public String stusUi(){
        return "stus";
    }
}

然后我们先准备好页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"  xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .tb-stus{
            width: 900px;
            margin: 0 auto;
            border: black 1px solid;
            border-collapse: collapse;
        }
        .tb-stus th,td{
            padding: 10px;
            text-align: center;
            border:1px solid black;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<h2 align="center">学生管理系统</h2>
<table class="tb-stus">
    <thead>
    <tr>
        <th>序号</th>
        <th>姓名</th>
        <th>年龄</th>
        <th>性别</th>
        <th>班级</th>
        <th>生日</th>
        <th>操作</th>
    </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
    <tr th:each="stu,status: ${stuList}">
        <td th:text="${status.index+1}">1</td>
        <td th:text="${stu.name}">aa</td>
        <td th:text="${stu.age}">22</td>
<!--        gender的属性值为1表示性别为男-->
        <td th:if="${stu.gender}">男</td>
        <td th:unless="${stu.gender}">女</td>
        <td th:text="${stu.cid}">计科1班</td>
       <td th:text="${#dates.format(stu.birth,'yyyy-MM-dd')}">2022-2-3</td>
        <td>
            <!--http://localhost:8080/stu/delete?id=10-->
            <a th:href="@{/stu/delete(id=${stu.id})}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >删除</a>
        </td>
    </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>

当我们点击删除的时候，后端要根据前端传过来的id来从数据库中删除对应的数据。这里我们先按照我们之前学的时候，熟悉的方法来完成，到后面的时候，会详细讲前后端分离开发

删除操作

Controller(之前的方法这里没有粘贴出来，不然代码太多了)

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/stu")
public class StuController {
    @Autowired
    private StuService stuService;
   
    
    @RequestMapping("/delete")
    public String deleteById(@RequestParam("id") Integer id){
        try {
            stuService.deleteByid(id);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(id);
        return "redirect:/stu/stusUi";
    }


  }

Service

public interface StuService  {
    
    List<Stu> queryAllStu() throws Exception;

    void deleteByid(Integer id);
}

Service实现类

@Service
public class StuServiceImpl implements StuService {
    @Autowired
    private StuMapper stuMapper;
    @Override
    public List<Stu> queryAllStu() throws Exception {
         return stuMapper.queryAllStu();
    }

    
    @Override
    public void deleteByid(Integer id) throws Exception {
        stuMapper.deleteById(id);
    }
}

Mapper

@Mapper
public interface StuMapper {
    
    @Select("select * from stu")
     List<Stu> queryAllStu() throws Exception;
    @Delete("delete from stu where id=#{id}")
    void deleteById( Integer id);
}

把编号为8的数据删除

编辑操作

页面stus.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"  xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .tb-stus{
            width: 900px;
            margin: 0 auto;
            border: black 1px solid;
            border-collapse: collapse;
        }
        .tb-stus th,td{
            padding: 10px;
            text-align: center;
            border:1px solid black;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<h2 align="center">学生管理系统</h2>
<table class="tb-stus">
    <thead>
    <tr>
        <th>序号</th>
        <th>姓名</th>
        <th>年龄</th>
        <th>性别</th>
        <th>班级</th>
        <th>生日</th>
        <th>操作</th>
    </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
    <tr th:each="stu,status: ${stuList}">
        <td th:text="${stu.id}">1</td>
        <td th:text="${stu.name}">aa</td>
        <td th:text="${stu.age}">22</td>
<!--        gender的属性值为1表示性别为男-->
        <td th:if="${stu.gender}">男</td>
        <td th:unless="${stu.gender}">女</td>
        <td th:text="${stu.cid}">计科1班</td>
         <td th:text="${#dates.format(stu.birth,'yyyy-MM-dd')}">2022-2-3</td>
        <td>
<!--            localhost:8080/stu/delete/8-->
<!--            <a th:href="${'/stu/delete/'+stu.id}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >删除</a>-->
            <!--http://localhost:8080/stu/delete?id=10-->
            <a th:href="@{/stu/delete(id=${stu.id})}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >删除</a>
            <a th:href="@{/stu/edit(id=${stu.id})}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >编辑</a>
        </td>
    </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

</body>
</html>

页面 stu-edit.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>编辑画面</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h2 >编辑学生信息</h2>
    <form action="" method="post" th:object="${stu}">
      学号:<input type="text" name="id" th:value="*{id}"  ><br><br>
      姓名:<input type="text" name="name"  th:value="*{name}"><br><br>
      年龄:<input type="text" name="age"  th:value="*{age}"><br><br>
      性别:<input type="radio" name="gender"    th:checked="*{gender}"  >男
      <input type="radio" name="gender"   th:checked="*{!gender}" >女<br><br>
      班级:<input type="text" name="cid" th:value="*{cid}"><br><br>
      生日:<input type="text" name="birth" th:value="*{#dates.format(birth,'yyyy-MM-dd')}"><br><br>
      <input type="submit" value="编辑">
    </form>
  </body>
</html>

Controller


    @RequestMapping("/edit")
    public String edit(@RequestParam("id") Integer id,Model model){
        System.out.println("id"+id);
        try {
            Stu stu=stuService.queryById(id);
            model.addAttribute("stu",stu);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return "stu-edit";
    }

Service

public interface StuService  {
    
    List<Stu> queryAllStu() throws Exception;

    
    void deleteByid(Integer id) throws Exception;

    
    Stu queryById(Integer id) throws Exception;
}

Service实现类

@Service
public class StuServiceImpl implements StuService {
    @Autowired
    private StuMapper stuMapper;
    @Override
    public List<Stu> queryAllStu() throws Exception {
         return stuMapper.queryAllStu();
    }

    
    @Override
    public void deleteByid(Integer id) throws Exception {
        stuMapper.deleteById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public Stu queryById(Integer id) throws Exception {
        return stuMapper.queryById(id);
    }
}

Mapper

@Mapper
public interface StuMapper {
    
    @Select("select * from stu")
    List<Stu> queryAllStu() throws Exception;
    @Delete("delete from stu where id=#{id}")
    void deleteById( Integer id);
    @Select("select * from stu where id=#{id}")
    Stu queryById(Integer id) throws Exception;
}

比如在序号为4中，点击编辑

用户登录

登录页面：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h2>用户登录</h2>
    <form action="/login" method="post">
        账号:<input type="text" name="username"><br><br>
        密码:<input type="passWord" name="password"><br><br>
        <input type="submit" value="登录">
    </form>


</body>
</html>

因为需要判断用户是否存在，这是从数据库进行查询的，所以要准备对应的管理员表

# 创建管理员表
CREATE TABLE admin(
	id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
	username VARCHAR(20),
	`password` VARCHAR(20)
); 

INSERT INTO admin VALUES
	(DEFAULT,'aaa',111),
	(DEFAULT,'bbb',222),
	(DEFAULT,'ccc',333);
# 查询测试
SELECT * FROM admin;

准备对应的实体类

@Data
public class Admin {
    private String username;
    private String password;
}

Controller

@Controller
@SessionAttributes(names = {"admin"})
public class AdminController {
    @Autowired
    private AdminService adminService;

    
    @RequestMapping(value = "/loginUi")
    public String loginUi(){
        return "login";
    }
    @RequestMapping(value = "/login",method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String login(String username, String password, Model model){
        try {
            Admin admin = adminService.login(username, password);
            //用户名存在说明登录成功
            if (admin!=null){
                //存放到session域中
                model.addAttribute("admin",admin);
                return "redirect:/stu/stusUi";
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "redirect:/loginUi";
    }

}

Service

public interface AdminService {
    Admin login(String username,String password) throws Exception;
}

Service对应的实现类

@Service
public class AdminServiceImpl implements AdminService {
    @Autowired
    private AdminMapper adminMapper;
    @Override
    public Admin login(String username, String password) throws Exception {
        return adminMapper.queryByUsernameAndPassword(username,password);
    }
}

Mapper

@Mapper
public interface AdminMapper {
    @Select("select * from admin where username=#{username} and password=#{password}")
    Admin queryByUsernameAndPassword(@Param("username") String username, @Param("password") String password);
}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"  xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .tb-stus{
            width: 900px;
            margin: 0 auto;
            border: black 1px solid;
            border-collapse: collapse;
        }
        .tb-stus th,td{
            padding: 10px;
            text-align: center;
            border:1px solid black;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <h2 align="center">学生管理系统</h2>
    <h2 th:if="${session.admin!=null}" th:text="${session.admin.username}">用户名</h2>
    <a th:unless="${session.admin!=null}" href="/loginUi" rel="external nofollow" >登录</a>
    <a th:if="${session.admin!=null}" href="/loGout" rel="external nofollow" >注销用户</a>
<table class="tb-stus">
    <thead>
    <tr>
        <th>序号</th>
        <th>姓名</th>
        <th>年龄</th>
        <th>性别</th>
        <th>班级</th>
        <th>生日</th>
        <th>操作</th>
    </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
    <tr th:each="stu,status: ${stuList}">
        <td th:text="${stu.id}">1</td>
        <td th:text="${stu.name}">aa</td>
        <td th:text="${stu.age}">22</td>
<!--        gender的属性值为1表示性别为男-->
        <td th:if="${stu.gender}">男</td>
        <td th:unless="${stu.gender}">女</td>
        <td th:text="${stu.cid}">计科1班</td>
        <td th:text="${#dates.format(stu.birth,'yyyy-MM-dd')}">2022-2-3</td>
        <td>
<!--            localhost:8080/stu/delete/8-->
<!--            <a th:href="${'/stu/delete/'+stu.id}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >删除</a>-->
            <!--http://localhost:8080/stu/delete?id=10-->
            <a th:href="@{/stu/delete(id=${stu.id})}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >删除</a>
            <a th:href="@{/stu/edit(id=${stu.id})}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >编辑</a>
        </td>
    </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

</body>
</html>

用户注销

注销的话，我们把session域中的用户对象取消，然后这个时候就得重新登录，应该要跳转到登录画面

@RequestMapping("/logout")
    public String logout(HttpSession session){
        session.removeAttribute("admin");
        return "redirect:/loginUi";
    }